INSTINCTS. 167 



taught, or experienced pleasure or pain from 

 the object, young ducks seek the water, young 

 chickens avoid it : their organs have a fitness 

 or unfitness for certain functions, and they 

 use them for these functions without educa- 

 tion. In short, the instinctive application of 

 the organ is independent of experience, and 

 forms part of a train of pure sensations. 



ORN. I have no objection to the state- 

 ment you make of my view of the subject; but 

 I certainly should give to it a little more re- 

 finement and generality. In all the results of 

 reason, ideas are concerned, but never in those 

 of instinct. Without memory there can be no 

 reason ; but in instinct nothing can be traced 

 but pure sensation. 



POIET. Though in the animal world no 

 ideas seem connected with instincts, yet they 

 are all intended for specific and intelligent 

 ends. Thus the swallow travels to a country 

 where flies are found; the salmon migrates 

 from the sea to the sources of fresh rivers, 

 where its eggs may receive a supply of aerated 

 water, and without this migration the race 

 would be extinct : and in this way all the in- 

 M 4- 



