GRAYLING. 203 



ling, found by Captain Franklin and his com- 

 panions in North America, and distinguished 

 by a much larger back fin. Having travelled 

 with the fishing-rod in my hand through 

 most of the Alpine valleys in the south and 

 east of Europe, and some of those in Nor- 

 way and Sweden, I have always found the 

 char in the coldest and highest waters ; the 

 trout, in the brooks rising in the highest and 

 coldest mountains ; and the grayling always 

 lower, where the temperature was milder : 

 and if in hot countries, only at the foot of 

 mountains, not far from sources which had 

 the mean temperature of the atmosphere, 

 as in the Vipacco, near Coritzia, and in the 

 streams which gush forth from the limestone 

 caverns of the Noric Alps. Besides temper- 

 ature, grayling require a peculiar character in 

 the disposition of the water of rivers. They 

 do not dwell, like trout, in rapid shallow tor- 

 rents; nor, like char or chub, in deep pools 

 or lakes. They require a combination of 

 stream and pool ; they like a deep still pool 

 for rest, and a rapid stream above, and a gra- 

 dually declining shallow below, and a bottom 



