10 



animals do by lungs; the tail, an instrument of 

 progressive motion, which serves to row them 

 Forward ; eyes peculiarly formed, to enable them 

 to correspond to all the convergences and diver- 

 gencies of rays, which the variations of the wa- 

 tery medium, and the refractions thereof, may 

 occasion, in which respect they bear a near re- 

 semblance to birds. 



Fishes are distinguished into sea or salt-water 

 fish, pisces marini ; as the whale, herring, macka- 

 rel, &c. : river or iresh-water &xb, piscesjiuviaks ; 

 as the pike, trout, &c. : and pond or lake fish ; as 

 the carp, tench, &c. : to which may be added, 

 others, which abide indifferently in fresh water or 

 salt; as salmon, shad-fish, &c. 



There is also an amphibious kind, which lives 

 indifferently on land or water ; as the castor, ot- 

 ter, &c. 



Aristotle, and after him Mr. Willoughby, more 

 accurately distinguishes fishes into cetaceous, car- 

 tilaginous, and spinous. 



The cetaceous, called also bellua marina, have 

 lungs, and breathe like quadrupeds : they copu- 

 late also like them, and conceive and bring forth 

 their young alive, which they afterwards suckle 

 with their milk. 



The cartilaginous are produced from large 

 eggs, like birds, which are also excluded the 

 womb like those of Jjirds. 



The spinous are also oviparous ; but their eggs 

 are smaller, and they have spiruz up and down 

 their flesh to strengthen it. 



Willoughby thinks it would be yet more pro- 

 per to divide fishes into such as breathe with 

 lungs and such as breathe with gills ; and then to 

 subdivide those that breathe with gills, not into 



