THE COMPLETE ANGLER. 193 



dissolved in milk : and you will find this a choice bait, and 

 good, I think, for any fish, especially for Roach, Dace, Chub, 

 or Grayling : I know not but that it may be as good for a river 

 Carp, and especially if the ground be a little baited with it. 



And you may also note, that the spawn of most fish is a very 

 tempting bait, being a little hardened on a warm tile, and cut 

 into fit pieces. Nay, mulberries, and those blackberries which 

 grow upon briars, be good baits for Chubs or Carps : with 

 these many have been taken in ponds, and in some rivers where 

 such trees have grown near the water, and the fruits customarily 

 dropped into it. And there be a hundred other baits, more 

 than can well be named, which, by constant baiting the water, 

 will become a tempting bait for any fish in it. 



You are also to know,^ that there be divers kinds of cadis, or 

 case-worms, that are to' be found in this nation, in several 

 distinct counties, and in several little brooks that relate to 

 bigger rivers ; as namely, one cadis called a piper, whose husk, 

 or case, is a piece of reed about an inch long, or longer, and as 

 big about as the compass of a twopence. These worms being 

 kept three or four days in a woollen bag, with sand at the 

 bottom of it, and the bag wet once a-day, will in three or four 

 days turn to be yellow; and these be a choice bait for the 

 Chub, or Chavender, or indeed for any great fish, for it is a 

 large bait. 



There is also a lesser cadis- worm, called a cock-spur, being 

 in fashion like the spur of a cock, sharp at one end ; and the 

 case, or house, in which this dwells, is made of small husks, and 

 gravel, and slime, most curiously made of these, even so as to 

 be wondered at, but not to be made by man, no more than a 

 kingfisher's nest can, which is made of little fishes' bones, and 

 have such a geometrical interweaving and connection as the 

 like is not to be done by the art of man.* This kind of cadis is 

 a choice bait for any float -fish ; it is much less than the piper- 

 cadis, and to be so ordered ; and these may be so preserved, 

 ten, fifteen, or twenty days, or it may be longer, f 



There is also another cadis, called by some a straw-worm, 

 and by some a ruff-coat, whose house, or case, is made of little 



* Walton here mistakes for a kingfisher's nest, the round crustaceous 

 shell of the sea urchin (Echinus.} The kingfisher does not appear to make 

 any nest, except the flooring offish bones derived from his prey. J. R. 



_-f To preserve cadis, grasshoppers, caterpillars, oak- worms, or natural 

 flies, the following is an excellent method : Cut a round bough of fine green 

 barked withy, about the thickness of one's arm; and, taking oft' the bark 

 about a foot in length, turn both ends together, into the form of a hoop, 

 and fasten them with a pack needle and thread ; then stop up the bottom 

 with a bung-cork : and with a red-hot wire bore the bark full of holes ; 

 into this put your baits : tie it over with a colewort leaf ; and lay it in the 

 grass every night. In this manner cadis may be kept till they turn to flies. 

 To grasshoppers you may put grass. 

 M 



