PLANTING TREES AND SHRUBS ON THE DRY FARM 89 



as the other trees mentioned, but it is a more permanent tree. For 

 this reason it is well to alternate this tree in rows with the box elder 

 and poplar, with the idea of removing the shorter-lived trees as they 

 begin to crowd. The white elm thrives in some sections of Montana. 

 In sections where the growing season is not too short and where the 

 rainfall is a little above the average, the elm may work out well as a 

 windbreak tree. It is a long-lived tree and may be alternated in the 

 rows with poplars, as it grows quite slowly at first. The Russian 

 olive (Elaeagnus angusti folia) is one of the hardiest plants avail- 

 able for windbreak purposes. It is a small shrub or tree rarely 

 growing over fifteen feet in height. It makes a low, compact 

 growth, and for that reason makes a first-class tree for the outer 

 rows. It has a thorny growth and will turn live stock when planted 

 closely. The tops may die out as the plants grow older, but they 

 grow up from below again. It should be used in preference to the 

 golden Russian willow where there is doubt as to the willow's being 

 ?dapted to the conditions. 



Of course, the evergreens are not so promising for the dry farm. 

 Yet after they have become established they resist drouth and 

 severe weather even better than some of the trees just mentioned, 

 and they would surely make ideal windbreaks. It is possible that 

 after a shade is once produced the bull pine may be started among 

 the other trees. Attempts should be made to start only small 

 specimens, those not over a foot high. 



In arranging the windbreak, the rows of trees should be placed 

 from eight to ten leet apart, with the trees from four to eight feet 

 apart in the rows. The trees in the outside rows may be planted as 

 close as four feet, while permanent trees should stand eight feet 

 apart. Where the ash and box elder are planted alternately, plant 

 the ash eight feet apart with a box elder between. 



PLANNING AND PLANTING THE YARD. 



The planning of the yard should have the same* careful con- 

 sideration as does the planning of the home. Not only the con- 

 venience of the place but especially its attractiveness depends upon 

 proper planning and planting. Considered from the standpoint of 

 beauty alone, the yard may be planted by the same rules as those 

 which the artist follows in painting a landscape. For after all the 



