ANNUAL REPORT. 77 



and the elm are unsuited to the climate, although the latter and 

 the bur-oak are growing in sheltered locations at Bozeman. The 

 box-elder does well at Helena, but is clearly not adapted to most 

 of these valleys, and the same may be said of the linden and the 

 two species of ash, although the green ash can be made grow in 

 many places. All the birches and the mountain ash are here in 

 their prime and nearly all the species of evergreen flourish. The 

 silver poplar and the European willows will grow under ordinary 

 conditions, although the first has been found rather tender and the 

 weeping willow is yet doubful. The Lombary poplar winter-kills 

 here badly and the dead central trunks become unsightly, but the 

 Russian poplars seem perfectly hardy. 



All the vines first mentioned as adapted to the plains region 

 also do well in these valleys, but the season is too short for many 

 of the annuals, like the flowering clematis and the morning glory, 

 as they are apt to be killed by early frosts before they have attained 

 their perfection. 



3. The WESTERN VALLEYS, including the Flathead, the Bitter 

 Root, Clark's Fork and the Kootenai, where the rainfall is greater 

 and the temperature more uniform, avoiding the extremes of heat 

 and cold found east of the Divide. This is pre-eminently the horti- 

 cultural section of the state and in many parts of this region, with 

 irrigation, the same shade trees and ornamental plants may be 

 grown as in the eastern states. The elm, buckeye, horsechestnut, 

 the maples, oaks, the locust (Robinia pseudacacia) , the honey 

 locust (Gleditschia triacanthos) , as well as all the trees grown in 

 the other sections of the state, can be grown here without difficulty. 

 The Lombardy poplar and the Carolina poplar appear to be 

 favorite trees of the Bitter Root region and the Balm of Gilead is 

 -everywhere planted, while the two species of ash, the mountain 

 ash, the willows and birches with the evergreens of common culti- 

 vation are more or less frequent. 



All the ornamental vines mentioned in the first group will do 

 well here and in addition a large number, if not all of those found 

 adapted to A/Tassachusetts, New York or Michigan, provided 

 sufficient water can be supplied during the drier parts of the 

 summer. Although I am not aware that any experiments have 

 3 r et been made, there is no climatic reason why the Boston ivy 



