Wyoming Experiment Station. 



dead poles in a burned district can be prepared with little 

 labor as they are nearly free from branches. Some lum- 

 ber, railroad ties and much of the " lagging" for mines 

 are obtained from this pine. This species is readily 

 known by its slender habit ; its persistent cones, and its 

 paired leaves. 



2. SPRUCE. 



(Picea.) 



" This is the forest primeval." Longfellow. 



There are three trees in the state that are properly 

 known as Spruces. Two of these may be known as true 

 Spruces (Picea) and the third is the 

 Douglas Spruce, which is placed by 

 itself in the following genus (Pseudot- 

 suga}. All Spruces are at once sep- 

 arated from the Pines by the arrange- 

 ment of the leaves in bundles in the 

 Pines, singly in "Spruces. They are 

 also easily separated by the cones 

 heavy with chickened scales in the 

 Pines, light with thin scales in the 

 Spruces. 



The true Spruces are to be distin- 

 guished from the Douglas Spruce by 

 the way in which the leaves are de- 

 tached from the branchlets. In the 

 former when the leaves fall away the 

 branchlets are rough with the project- 

 ing, persistent leaf-bases; in the lat- 

 ter the branchlets are smooth, marked 



X. Spruce twigs, showing the 

 manner in which the leaves 



are detached. 

 jr. Douglas Spruce. 

 2. The, true Spruces. 



