62 Forest Club Annual 



log yards where the Company holds in reserve about forty 

 thousand cords of wood which is drawn upon when the supply 

 from the forests is irregular. Nearly all this wood is shipped 

 in by rail in lengths varying from four to eighteen feet with 

 an average of .twelve feet. The smallest diameter is speci- 

 fied at three inches but occasionally material is accepted 

 which contains pieces smaller than this and for which a re- 

 duction in price is made. The wood is shipped in in gondolas 

 or box cars with an average of ten to twelve cords per car. It 

 requires 75 cords of wood for each twenty-four hours run, re- 

 sulting in fifty to sixty tons of pulp. + 



Operating the plant requires two twelve hour shifts of 125 

 men each who are paid an average wage of 17^ cents an hour. 

 The laborers are mostly skilled in a particular line of work and 

 are for the most part reliable, steady men. Power is furnished 

 by a dam and turbines located five miles up stream which supply 

 100 H. P., and by three dynamos which supply 300 H. P. each. 

 Power for the machine room is furnished by two engines of 250 

 H. P. capacity each. 



The logs are usually unloaded into a pond from the cars, 

 by two men, and floated to the wood room. Here they are cut 

 into two foot lengths and the large pieces split to make rossing 

 easier. The rossing consists of removing the bark and knots 

 by means of rotary knives. In round pieces of small diameters 

 the loss of bark and wood frequently amounts to forty percent 

 while in large pieces it may amount to twenty percent. The 

 wood loss alone varies from ten percent in good pieces to a 

 maximum of thirty percent in small pieces. The machine 

 which does the work consists of a circular plate five feet in di- 

 ameter on which are riveted four knives. 



At this mill two general processes of making pulp are em- 

 ployed, the sulphite process and the mechanical process: 20% 

 of the output is made by the first, 80% by the second. 



Mechanical Process 



From the rossing machine the wood is thrown into a chute 

 which leads to the grinder room. This room contains ten 

 machines, eight of which are run by water power and two by 

 electricity. Electrical power gives the better satisfaction because 

 of the smooth and uniform motion while in operation. Each 

 machine consists of a circular grindstone, 27 inches thick and 52 

 inches in diameter, mounted on a shaft. Leading to the base 

 of the stone is a slightly inclined chute in which the wood is 

 placed lengthwise and when once in the chute, the wood is forced 

 against the revolving stone by hydraulic pressure. Thisjgrinds 

 the wood into a pulp which has the appearance and consistency 



