Factors Influencing Loyyiny and Lumber Costs 11 



difference in the two species. The larger number of branches 

 in these two species brings the cost above that for Douglas 

 Fir and Western Yellow Pine. The two latter species rank 

 lowest because the trees grow larger and a greater portion of 

 the bole is free from branches. 



Brush piling and scattering becomes disagreeable and dif- 

 ficult when snow falls, and cannot be satisfactorily done when 

 snow is more than twelve to eighteen inches deep. This factor 

 enters very little into the cost of Western Yellow Pine and 

 Douglas Fir, for these species grow at lower altitudes, and there 

 is a longer working season free from snow. Cost of piling will 

 increase with the amount of dead material and young growth, 

 because piles must be put where they can be burned with the 

 least injury to the young growth and must not be placed on 

 fallen timber which would catch fire when the brush is burned. 

 Western Yellow Pine is again favored here, for it grows in 

 open stands and piles can be placed with less difficulty. Steep 

 rough ground also adds slightly to the cost of piling because 

 the men can not work so rapidly as on level ground. 



An average cost for brush piling in Engelmann Spruce and 

 Lodgepole Pine is 50 cents per thousand and will usually lie 

 between 35 and 75 cents. The cost of piling Western Yellow 

 Pine will vary from 25 to 50 cents with 35 cents as a fair 

 average. Douglas Fir will probably average 40 cents. 



ROADS. 



The cost of Western Yellow Pine is lessened by a longer 

 working season and the lower cost per mile for logging roads 

 since this species grows at lower altitudes and on land of less 

 rugged topography. The relative cost per thousand for this 

 species is increased, however, by the fact that the stand is thinner 

 and more road is necessary. Douglas Fir is probably at the 

 other end of the list for it grows on extremely rough, rocky 

 situations and on the sides of steep canyons where road building 

 is very expensive. Engelmann Spruce comes next for it grows 

 at high altitudes. The only items which bring its cost above 

 that of Lodgepole Pine are heavier snowfall and more rigorous 

 climatic conditions. 



The cost of lumber roads will usually be least for Western 

 Yellow Pine, with Douglas Fir second, Lodgepole Pine third 

 and Engelmann Spruce greatest. The cost of roads in Western 

 Yellow Pine is least because it is found at lower altitudes and 

 is nearer the valleys where railroads and settlements create 

 markets. The cost increases for the other species in proper- 



