Forestry in Eastern Canada 51 



with the exception of White Spruce as to woods, and British 

 Columbia, as to provinces, Canada shall cease to be a wood- 

 exporting country. 



If this were true in 1895, it is all the more true today. It 

 is well known that the lumbermen not only in the United States 

 but also in Canada cut only the best timber and in the last 

 fifteen years they have been cutting it very rapidly, without 

 replacing any. 



Canada, whose climate and soil are largely fit only for 

 timber growing, could be made to supply a considerable amount 

 for export. Quebec is the oldest and one of the largest provin- 

 ces of the Dominion, but so far, practically no attention has 

 been given by the government to caring systematically for the 

 protection and reproduction of the forest. Its land area com- 

 prises, in round numbers, about 218 million acres. It abounds 

 in bays, lakes and rivers which afford excellent and, to a great 

 extent, the only transporting facilities for timber, which is 

 Canada's chief product. Of the total land area, 210 million acres 

 are forest and waste land and the remaining eight million acres 

 are devoted chiefly to farming and stock raising. 



As the above figures indicate, the Province is rich in forest 

 lands. In the south-eastern portion along the St. Lawrence and 

 Manikuagan Rivers and the Gulf, there is abundance of White 

 and Black Spruce and Balsam Fir, and some White Pine of 

 fairly good quality. In the Saguenay district, the north-eastern 

 section of the Province, there is a considerable amount of White 

 Pine, White Spruce, Tamarack and other less valuable woods. 

 The part west of the Manikuagan reaching to the watershed of 

 the Gatineau River furnished, no doubt, the best White Pine 

 timber of the province. The forests of the south-western por- 

 tion, along the Ottawa River, contain mainly Aspen, White and 

 Re'd Pines, Yellow, White and Paper Birches, White and Black 

 Spruces, Arborvitae, and Sugar Maple. 



The Province exports much of its forest products each 

 year to the United States and Great Britian. The statistics 

 of 1908 show that Canada's exports amounted in that year 

 to over forty million dollars, a large share of which came from 

 the province of Quebec. It may be of interest to note that 

 more than two-thirds went to the United States and only about 

 one-fourth to Great Britain. Most of the wood cut each year 

 in the Province is manufactured into wood pulp and paper, but 

 lumber and wooden-ware also require a considerable amount. 



The wood pulp industry is very extensive and the Province 

 justly claims the second largest pulp manufacturing establish- 

 ment in the world. This establishment is the Laurentide Paper 



