Grazing I nr< slit/aft'ons on Oar National Ptircstts 11 



color; while poorly stocked range is represented by vertical 

 hatching in type color. 



The mapping and note taking are done in the field by the, 

 men working individually. Blank forms are used providing 

 iY.r a representation of one section on a scale of 4 inches to 

 the mile; 100 feet contours are shown, and, if the country has 

 been covered by a reliable survey, these contours are usually 

 copied from such survey; otherwise they are ordinarily made 

 from aneroid readings. Each section is crossed on the quarter 

 or forty lines as often as may be necessary to make the results 

 reliable. Timbered sections are crossed at least twice on the 

 forty lines. In surveyed country section lines are used as base 

 lines; in unsurveyed localities the mapping is done from base 

 lines consisting of parallel lines in a cardinal direction, pro- 

 jected from an established public survey, or, if the country be 

 very rugged, accurately surveyed traverse lines are run up 

 main canyons for the purpose. As soon as camp is reached 

 the types are colored by the proper crayons. With the com- 

 ing of "the next rainy day," or at some other convenient 

 season, the maps and data are transferred to another sheet, 

 and the whole material will eventually be transferred to 

 Forest Atlas sheets, when the maps will be on the scale of 1 

 inch to the mile. 



STOCK MANAGEMENT. 



Any system of range control which will protect the lands 

 from being continuously cropped before the forage growth is 

 sufficiently advanced to continue its development, and which 

 will regulate the number of stock so as to prevent excessive 

 trampling and close grazing, will result in deriving the high- 

 est returns both to stock and range. Few if any perennial 

 herbaceous plants will not continue their natural growth when 

 cropped moderately at one time or other during the growing 

 season. If, however, the vegetation is removed several times 

 during the growing period, the plants are unable to elaborate 

 the food material necessary to growth, and they struggle along, 

 producing an abnormally small amount of forage until the 

 range is brought under the proper control and the original 

 vigor of the plants is restored. 



The more freedom stock are given when grazing the less 

 acreage is required for their maintenance and the better is 



