Nol<* ii Winterkilling of Forest Trees 47 



will publish the results of his work on this trouble 

 in the near future. 



Another peculiar case of winterkilling occurred near 

 Lincoln, Nebraska, during the .winter of 1909-1910. The fall 

 was late and there was a great deal of rain in November with 

 cold weather starting suddenly in December. Snow was on the 

 ground all winter, and most of the time was quite deep; con- 

 stant snow cover throughout the winter is very unusual in 

 this locality. Spring was very early, but the winter was con- 

 sidered by the people in the region a very hard one. Most 

 of the following notes on injury to conifers refer to trees 

 which had been set out in nursery rows 6 years earlier. At 

 the time of planting they were seedlings about two years old. 

 They were fairly well protected, both by themselves and by 

 older trees. The situation of nearly all of these conifers was 

 near the top of a gentle slope with southwest exposure. The 

 soil is a silt loam. The injury to different trees will be treated 

 separately. 



Spruce (Picea). 



Nearly all of these trees were Blue Spruce (P. parry ana), 

 most of them in the nursery row, but one or two on the brow of 

 the hill with no protection whatever. They suffered no injury. 



Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris.) 



Of the trees in the nursery row, one-third or more of the 

 loliage had turned brown by the middle of March. By May 

 about half of the trees had lost practically all of the needles 

 in-own in 1909. A few trees came through uninjured, the rest 

 with part of the 1909 needles killed. Of those seriously hurt 

 a few were killed outright, with the exception of the lowest 

 branches, which in all cases came through with little injury, 

 presumably due to protection by snow. A large number 

 of the trees lost all their needles, but pushed buds on the 

 naked stems rather weakly. In some cases needles showed 

 alternating dead and living areas, though where only part of 

 the needle was injured, it was always the tip that was most 

 affected. Where parts of the needles on a tree were injured, 

 1909 needles always suffered very much the worst, while 1908 

 needles, and 1907 needles where present, were injured less 

 than the 1909 needles, but showed no difference in suscepti- 



