Notes on Winterkilling of Forest Trees 49 



had her n transplanted with a ball of earth to a position with 

 full north and northwest exposure, lost all of its 1909 needles 

 while the 1908 needles were slightly injured, but the buds 

 were unhurt and growth started vigorously. Trees about 19 

 years old were unhurt except that terminal growths were 

 occasionally killed back on the northwest side. 



Arbor Vitae (Thuya Occident alis). 



Several trees of a pyramidal variety of T. occidentalis, 

 about 6 feet high, which had been somewhat injured by the 

 previous winter, were nearly all killed. A dwarfed variety 

 of Thuya, apparently the Chinese Arbor Vitae, was uninjured. 



Cedar (Juniperus, sp.). 



Several well established trees of Red Cedar from central 

 Nebraska were uninjured. It is not known whether these 

 were ,7. virginiana or /. scopuloruni. 



Broad-leaved Trees. 



Large numbers of trees of the Early Richmond Cherry, 

 of various varieties of Apples (Pyrus sp.), and of American 

 Elm (Ulmits americana), and smaller numbers of Silver Maple 

 (Acer saccharinum), Catalpa (Catalpa catalpa), Black Cherry 

 (Prunus serotina), Sycamore (Plant a mis occidentalis), and 

 Snowball and Bridal Wreath bushes, and Virginia Creeper, 

 were unhurt. Wistaria, which was on the east side of a house, 

 and Peach orchards throuhout this part of the country were 

 very seriously injured during this winter. 



The permanent damage to the conifers, aside from the 

 pyramidal Arbor Vitae and the worst injured Scotch Pine was 

 slight. A number of the Scotch Pines were entirely killed or so 

 nearly killed that they had to be cut out. The trees which were 

 about to start growth on most of their branches in the spring 

 of 1910 survived and were in good health apparently in the 

 fall of 1911, though their scanty foliage still rendered them 

 somewhat unsightly. 



The different behaviors of the various species in this case 

 is (juite interesting. The greater susceptibility of the younger 

 trees is very obvious, and the manner in which different coni- 

 ferous species of the same genus were affected is peculiar. It 

 is entirely possible that these different types of injury were 

 produced at various times by different types of climatic con- 



