122 Forest Club Annual 



changes that may occur in the stand, such as windfall, insect, 

 or fungus attacks. Small plots two chains square were laid 

 out and staked as in the large plot. These were carefully 

 mapped and described showing both the tree and shrub growth 

 which might in any way influence reproduction. The seedlings 

 and saplings on the area were counted by species. The results 

 of these counts were given under the discussion of the re- 

 production. By making periodic studies on these plots, per- 

 haps annually, to record the reproduction and every five years 

 to take growth measurements on the larger trees, it can be 

 determined whether the White Fir is really decreasing or is 

 increasing in proportion to the Jeffrey Pine. The inferiority 

 of the White Fir is due not only to the softness and brittleness 

 of the wood but also to its susceptibility to fungus attacks. 

 Toward the lower limits of its range the lesser mistletoe 

 (Arceuthobium occidentals Eng. ) , causing ' ' witches brooms, ' ' 

 is quite abundant. This first weakens the healthy tree which 

 is soon attacked by a heart rot fungus (Poly porous schweinitzii 

 Fr.). It is the fruiting bodies, the "conch", of this fungus 

 which warn the woodsmen of the unsound condition of the 

 tree. 



If the growth study alone were to have been made, it 

 would have been necessary to measure only the diameter 

 breast-high of all the trees and the heights of five to ten per 

 cent of the trees on the plot. But as a study of the marking 

 was also to be made, each tree over six inches in diameter 

 breast-high and every stump was accurately located so that 

 their exact position could be shown on a map of the plot. 

 (Fig. 1). To do this strips two chains apart were run across 

 the narrow way of the plot starting one chain from a corner. 

 Stations were established on these strips every two chains 

 from which the bearing and the distance of the trees and the 

 stumps were obtained. 



All trees, six inches and over, breast-high, were measured, 

 at four and one-half feet from the ground, to tenths of inch 

 with a diameter tape and the point of measurement was 

 marked by a sixteen gauge galvanized iron tag nailed to the 

 tree. These tags were about one and three-quarters inches 

 in diameter with a 'one-eighth inch hole punched at the top of 

 the tag about one-eighth inch from the outside edge. The 

 numbers were one-half inch in height stamped one-half inch 

 from the base of the tag. The tags were fastened to the trees 



