Examination for Homesteads on National Forests 137 



ment is not given here as that was typical for the region. 



It was necessary before a tract could be surveyed to find 

 or establish a definite land mark, recognized by the Surveyor 

 as a Forest Service Monument, a United States 

 l Survey Heiidi Mark, a United States Land Mark, 

 or any corner of an accepted Public Land Survey, and to run 

 a connecting or tie line from such corner to the land applied 

 for: if, however, none of these land marks existed within two 

 miles, a Forest Service Monument w>as established and a tie 

 line run from that to the tract. The tie line survey was al- 

 ways initiated from that corner of the claim nearest to the 

 monument and this corner was always designated ias corner 

 No. 1. 



In describing the dimensions of a corner the usual order 

 was length, breadth, and thickness respectively. The dimen- 

 sions of the corners and witnesses and also the distance the 

 corner was set in the ground was always stated and marked 

 as per instructions. All monuments and corners were set at 

 least one-half their length in the ground and posts were sur- 

 rounded by a mound of stones and earth, leaving only 1 ft. of 

 the length projecting. Whenever trees or large rocks were 

 not available for witness monuments a mound of stones was 

 erected near the corner and in addition a pit 24x24x12 inches 

 was dug seven feet from the corner across each of the inter- 

 secting survey lines. 



AYhen there was an adjoining claim and the monuments 

 of the original survey could not be found the lines were re- 

 traced, using the intention of the original surveyor as the prin- 

 cipal guide for relocation ; for this reason the field notes always 

 stated whether the lines of survey followed older authentic 

 lines. When the surveyor found it desirable to locate corners 

 at points coincident with those of the public surveys, or of 

 previous accepted surveys of Ranger Stations or June llth 

 tracts, it was unnecessary to set a new monument at this point 

 or to place new markings on' the old monument, >as it was con- 

 sidered sufficient to describe the corner previously set and the 

 markings thereon and state the survey for which it stood. 



In meandering a large stream, thus making it the bound- 

 ary of a claim, no corners were set along the stream except at 

 the i-nds of the traverse. To designate the banks of the stream 



