Logynuj in Southeastern Tc.vas 21 



from the logs so the buncher can get them out more easily. 

 They clear what is called a "turn around," an area surround- 

 ing the bunched pile of logs, sufficiently large to enable the 

 carts to get over the logs easily, and also help cut side roads 

 to the main roads. Heavy draft horses are used entirely for 

 bunching because their greater weight enables them to pull 

 larger logs than mules can. The "buncher" uses his own 

 judgment in placing the piles of logs where they will be 

 most accessible to the carts and in deciding the number of 

 logs for each pile. 



The skidding proper consists in hauling the logs from 

 the bunched piles to the skidways. Carts with 10 foot wheels 

 and a sliding tongue of finished pine are used for this pur- 

 pose. Each cart has 3 grab hooks, but unless the timber is 

 small only 1 or 2 are used. Four carts are used with an extra 

 one near in case of accident, and four mules are required 

 for each cart. One cart driver, who rides on one of the 

 back or "wheeler" mules, is required for each cart. One 

 man sets the grab hooks for two carts and carries an ax to 

 clear "turn arounds" that, were not cut large enough by the 

 swamper who accompanies the bunching teams. One 

 swamper alternates between the four carts helping the "grab 

 setters" make the "turn arounds" large enough. The object 

 is to make work as easy as possible for the cart drivers as 

 far as easy turns and getting over the logs are concerned 

 in onUr that they can get out the maximum number of logs. 

 This causes the "grab setters" and swampers to complain 

 that they have to clear small farms around each pile of logs. 



The skidways, put in by contract, are each about 40 x 48 

 feet in size. The contractor must clear enough room at both 

 ends for the carts to get on the skidways and then furnish 

 two skid poles for each. After the large trees are sawed off 

 at the ground they are hauled out of the way by a mule and 

 logging chain furnished by the company. The smaller trees 

 and brush are cut with an ax and carried out of the way. 

 The skidways, each made to hold approximately one car of 

 logs, are usually placed in pairs on opposite sides of the 

 track. The contractor furnishes his own tools and employs 

 one or more helpers. Two men usually put in about 8 skid- 

 ways daily. 



One man or sometimes two, depending upon the amount 

 of undergrowth, are kept at road cutting. They cut a main 



