32 Forest Club Annual 



type may be made to yield the most valuable timber of the region. 



CALIFORNIA RED FIR TYPE. 



The California Red Fir Type, found at an altitude of 6,000 

 feet and above, contains the densest forest growth of the region. 

 This type is common on northerly slopes, level summits, and the 

 gentler sloping south exposures. Stands averaging from 25,000 

 to 50,000 feet per acre quite commonly extend over a continuous 

 area of several square miles. Much of the type, however, is of 

 an inferior quality of timber. The California Red Fir is the 

 most abundant species and often covers considerable areas with 

 a pure stand. This tree often reaches a height from 200 to 225 

 feet, with a diameter of 5 to 7 feet, and a clear bole 75 to 100 

 feet in length. The White Fir is often an abundant species of 

 the type, and in both height and diameter fully equals the Red 

 Fir, but does not clear of limbs as well. Associated with these 

 species Western White Pine often composes 25 per cent of the 

 stand over rather limited areas. Large White Pines are scat- 

 tered within many dense stands of mature Red Fir and these 

 individual trees sometimes have the form of bole necessary for 

 the finest quality of timber. Consequently, the writer believes 

 that the White Pine with the proper system of management can 

 be made the leading timber tree of the north slope. Black Hem- 

 lock (Tsuga mertensiana (Bong.) Carr.), although of practically 

 no commercial importance, is of sufficient abundance to deserve 

 a short description. It is found only on steep, moist, northerly 

 exposures at an altitude generally above 7,500 feet. It seldom 

 reaches a height of over 75 feet, but often a diameter of from 

 2% to 3 feet. The tree is commonly so branched and scrubby in 

 character that it has but little milling value. Other trees occur- 

 ring with the type as merely scattered individuals are: Lodge- 

 pole Pine, White-bark Pine (Plnus albicaulis Engelm.), and 

 Western Juniper. 



WHITE FIR TYPE. 

 t 



The White Fir type is commercially of less importance than 

 either of the previous types, but White Fir reproduces in such 

 dense, pure stands that it deserves special mention. The growth 

 is usually at its best on a south aspect with a fairly deep soil. It 

 is not confined, however, to such conditions, but is often found 

 in almost pure stands on rough rocky slopes. The type, consid- 

 ered by some to be merely temporary, quickly covers a denuded 



