Tun her Sales in Selection I'orests 89 



these features may be incorporated and the estimate of the tim- 

 ber to be cut can include them. If the analysis should show 

 that more timber should be cut for purely cultural reasons than 

 the Yon Mantel formula would indicate, then the stand is too 

 irregular or too much abused by fire or misuse to apply regula- 

 tion at present. The felling, then, would be based wholly on 

 silvicultural considerations. 



The emphatic idea in conducting a sale in the selection for- 

 est is to cause the stand to approach normality in as high a 

 degree as is consistent with profitable lumbering or to better 

 the silvicultural conditions. 



6. An estimate of the costs; logging, manufacturing and 

 transporting the lumber to market, cost of brush disposal, and 

 value received by the manufacturer for his product. After this 

 an equable stumpage value can be determined. 



The following formula has been suggested for determining 

 the stumpage charge per thousand board feet: 



- O, in which X = stumpage charge 



per thousand, S - - selling price of the manufactured lumber, 

 P == a reasonable per cent of profit, say 20 per cent, and O 

 cost of operation including logging, milling and risk. 



7. Sample areas are then marked for cutting. These will 

 serve as arbiters in possible future disputes with the purchaser, 

 who should express his approval of the sample areas before the 

 purchase is finally made. 



8. Finally the contract is prepared and executed. 



THE ANALYSIS OF THE STAND. 



Unless the area has been covered previously by a reconnais- 

 sance party, the Forest officer must gather the data necessary 

 to analyze correctly the stand. This will be done partly for his 

 own use and partly for records that can be used by other officers 

 for checking his judgment in the management of the sale. The 

 Forest officer usually must gather his data unassisted. At pres- 

 ent he is required to place his data on a certain "Estimate Sheet" 

 and in a " Forest Description" report along definite lines. Both 

 of these forms properly filled in with data carefully obtained 

 serve very satisfactorily not only in determining the volume of 



