Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America. 43 



59. SCOLIODON TERRJE-NOV JE, (Richardson). 

 (SHARP-NOSED SHARK.) 



Body slender; snout depressed, moderately rounded ; mouth U-shaped, 

 with a short lahial groove at its angle, which groove extends on the upper 

 jaw as well as on the lower; distance between nostrils greater than dis- 

 tance from nostrils to end of snout; gill openings narrow; first dorsal mod- 

 crate, midway between pectorals and ventrals; second dorsal very small, 

 slightly behind, and rather smaller than anal ; anal fin much shorter than 

 distance from anal to veutrals ; pectoral fins rather large, reaching about 

 to middle of first dorsal ; ventrals small. Color gray ; caudal fin with 

 a conspicuous narrow blackish edge. Cape Cod to Brazil, very common 

 southward along the Atlantic Coast. Size rather small. L. 3 feet. (Name 

 from Newfoundland, where the species was erroneously supposed to occur. ) 



Sqnitlus (Carcharias) terrx-novte,* RICHARDSON, Fauna Bor. Amer., in, 289, 1836, Newfoundland. 

 Carcharias teme-novie, G^NTHER, Cat., vni, 360,1870. 



Squalus punclatns, MiTCHiLL, Traus. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y., 1,483,1815, New York ; name pre- 

 occupied. 

 Carcharias lalandi, MULLER & HENLE, Plagiostomen, 30, 1838, Brazil. 



Family XII. SPHYRNID.E, 

 (THE HAMMER-HEADED SHARKS.) 



General characteristics of the GALEIDJS, but the head singularly formed, 

 kidney-shaped or " hammer "-shaped, from the extension of its sides, the 

 nostrils being anterior and the eyes on the sides of the "hammer"; 

 mouth crescent-shaped, under the "hammer" ; teeth of both jaws similar, 

 oblique, each with a notch on the outside near the base ; no spiracles ; last 

 gill opening over the pectoral; first dorsal and pectorals large, the dorsal 

 nearer pectorals than ventrals; second dorsal and anal small ; a pit at the 

 root of the caudal ; caudal fin with a single notch toward its tip, its lower 

 lobe developed. One genus with 5 species, inhabiting most warm seas. 

 Large sharks, known at once by the singular form of the head, which is 

 not quite the same in any two species. (CARCHARIID.K, part, group ZY- 

 G/ENINA, Giinther, Cat., vni, 380-383.) 



29. SPHYRNA, Rafinesque. 

 (HAMMER-HEAD SHARKS.) 



Sphyrna, RAFINESQUE, Indice d' Ittiol. Siciliana, 60, 1810, (zygsena). 



Cestrorhinus, BLAINVILLE, Jonrii. Phys., 264, 1816, (zygtena). 



Zygtfna, CUVIER, Regne Auimal, Ed. 1, 127, 1817, (zygatna; name preoccupied). 



PlaJysqnalns, SWAIN$ON, Classn. Anim., n, 318, 1839, ("<ibHro"=totes). 



Cestracion (KLEIN : pre-Linnaeau), GILL, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vni, 1861, 412, (zygsend). 



Emphyra, GILL, I. c., (blochii). 



Reniceps, GILL, 1. c. t (iiburo). 



*This species, with others belonging to the Florida fauna, is said by Richardson to have been 

 brought from Newfoundland by Audubon. They doubtless came from some locality in Florida 

 or Carolina. 



