58 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 



77. ECHINORHINUS SPINOSUS, (Graelin). 



Spiracles behind the eye, behind the vertical from the angle of the 

 mouth. Teeth J^. Dorsal fins close together. Each tubercle with a 

 small spine in the center. Brownish violet, with or without dark spots. 

 (Giinther.) A large shark of the Atlantic coasts of Europe and Africa, in 

 rather deep water; a stray individual taken on Cape Cod. L. 10 feet. 



(Eu.) 



Squalus spinosus, GMELIN,* Syst. Nat., 1788, 1500, "the ocean." 

 EchinorMnus spinosus, Giinther, Cat., VIII., 428, 1870. 

 Echinorldnm spinosus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 14, 1883. 

 Squalus brucus, BONNATERRE,* Tabl. Encyclop., Ichth., 11, 1788, "the ocean." 

 Echinorhinus obesus, ANDREW SMITH, Ills. Zool. So. Africa; Fishes, plate i, 1845, Cape of Good 

 Hope. 



Suborder TECTOSPONDYLL 



Characters of the group given above. (See page 53.) 

 Family XXI. SQUATINID^E. 

 (THE ANGEL SHARKS.) 



Ray-like sharks. Body depressed and flat, the snout obtuse, the mouth 

 anterior; teeth conical, pointed, distant; pectoral fins very large, ex- 

 panded in the plane of the body, but not adherent to the side of the 

 head, being deeply notched at the base ; ventral fins very large ; dorsal 

 fins 2, small, subequal, on the tail behind the ventrals; no anal fin; 

 caudal small ; gill openings wide, partly inferior, partly hidden by the 

 base of the pectoral ; spiracles wide, crescent-shaped, behind the eyes ; 

 nostrils on the front margin of the snout, with skinny flaps; males with 

 small prehensile appendages ; vertebrae tectospondylous. A single genus 

 among living forms, with but one species so far as known ; a small shark 

 of singular appearance, found in most warm seas. In appearance, as in 

 structure, this family is strictly intermediate between the sharks and the 

 rays. Its nearest living allies are probably the DALATIID^E. Two or more 

 related genera are found as fossils. (RHINID^E, Giinther, Cat., vni, 430.) 



43. SQUATINA, Dum6ril. 

 (ANGEL FISHES.) 



fSquatina, CONSTANT DUMERIL, Zobl. Analyt., 102, 1806, (angelvs=squatina). 

 Rhina, RAFINESQUE, Caratteri Alcuni Nuovi Generi, 14, 1810, (squatina). 

 Rhina, (KLEIN), AUGUSTE DUMERIL, Elasmobranches, 464, 1870, (sqnatina). 



Characters of the genus included above. (Squatina, the ancient name, 

 akin to the English words "skate" and "squat.") 



78. SQUATINA SQUATINA, (Linnaeus). 



(MONKFISH; ANGEL FISH; SQUATO.) 



Caudal fin triangular, the lower lobe the longer ; dorsals short and high ; 

 skin rough, with small stiff prickles, largest along the middle line of the 

 back; eyes small. Ashy gray above, much blotched and speckled with olive, 

 white below. L. 2 to 3 feet. Warm seas ; common in the Mediterranean ; 

 rather scarce on our Atlantic coast from Cape Cod southward ; rather com- 

 mon on the coast of California, especially from San Francisco to Monterey. 



*We do not know which of these names has priority, but follow usagein retaining that of Gmelin. 



