Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America. 59 



The East coast form has been named Squatina dumerili, the Pacific form 

 Squatina calif arnica, but all belong apparently to the same species. (Eu.) 



StiH.nlnssijiKitiiKi, LINNKTS, x, 1758, 23:?, Coasts of Europe. 



Sonatina fctri's, CuviER, Regne Auim., Ed. 1, 131, 1817, after Linn;i>n>. 



S<iuatinct angelus, DUME'RIL, Ziiol. Anal., 102, 1806, after Linna-us. 



fr^ia/uin.iliuii.'rin, LESUEUR, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1, 225, 1818, probably Florida. 



Squatina californica, AYRES, Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 1859, 29, San Francisco. 



Kliiwtsqinttiiin, CrNTHER, Cat., vm, 430, 1870. 



ngt'lns, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 35, 1883. 



mjcliix, CYviER, Rugne Animal, Ed. ir, 369, 1829. 

 Squatina rtilgaris, Kisso, Icbth. Nice, 45, 1810, Nice. 



Stpiatina fimbriata, MULLEU & HENLE, Plagiostomen, 101 and 192, 1838, Mediterranean Sea. 

 Stjuatina oculata, BONAPARTE, Fauna. Ital., Pesc., xxvm, 1840, Italy. 

 Stiwtinajapanica, BLEEKER, Act. Soc. Sci., Indo-Neerl, in, Japan. 

 Squatina lewis, COUCH, Trans. Linn. Soc., xiv. 90, 1825, Cornwall. 



Order G. BATOIDEI. 

 (THE RAYS.) 



Gill openings inferior, slit-like, 5 in number ; spiracles present ; no 

 anal fin ; dorsal fins, if present, inserted on the tail ; body typically disk- 

 like, broad and flat, the margin of the disk being formed by the expanded 

 pectorals; tail comparatively slender, the caudal fin small or wanting. 

 Vertebra? cyclospondylous. With the exception of the RAJID^E, most or 

 all of the rays are ovoviviparous. (Suborder BATOIDEI, Giinther, Cat., 

 vm, 434-498.) (flarof, a ray, eMof, likeness.) 



a. SARCURA (rapf, flesh ; owpa, tail). Tail comparatively thick, with 2 dorsals and a caudal fin; 

 no serrated caudal spine. 



b. Snout saw-like, much produced, flat, armed with strong teeth on each side, set at right 



angles to its axis; body somewhat shark-like, the disk gradually passing into the tail. 



PRISTID^E, xxir. 

 bb. Snout not saw-like. 



c. Electric organs absent; skin not perfectly smooth. 



(I, Species ovoviviparous, the young developed within the body of the parent. 

 Disk passing gradually into the long stout tail; pectorals not extending 

 to the snout. RniNOBATtD/E, xxm. 



dd. Species oviparous; the eggs deposited in wheelbarrow-shaped leathery egg- 

 cases; disk abruptly contracted at base of the tail; pectorals extending to 

 the snout. RAJID.E, xxiv. 



cc. Electric organs present; a structure composed of honeycomb-like.tubes between 

 pectoral fins and head; skin perfectly smooth. NAHCOBATID^K, xxv. 



aa. MASTICURA (naomi-, whip, oupa, tail). Tail comparatively slender, the dorsal fin single or 

 wanting; the back of the tail usually with a serrated spine. 



c. Pectoral fins uninterrupted, confluent around the snout; teeth small. 



DASYATID;E, xxvi. 

 ee. Pectoral fins interrupted, one portion forming detached appendages en the snout 



("cephalic fins"). 



/. Teeth very large, flat, tessellated, few in number. MYLIOBATID;K. xxvii. 



JT. Tooth numerous, very small, flat or tubercular; size enormous; cephalic fins 



conspicuous, resembling horns. . HAXTID-T;, xxvm. 



The rays form a highly specialized group of SELACHIANS, of which the 

 typical forms present an appearance quite unlike that of the average 

 shark. The intergradations between the two groups are, however, 

 extremely perfect, the families of SQUATINID/E and PRISTIOPHOKID.K, 



