Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America. 



2 smaller similar spots often present. (Garman.) Coast of New York, 

 Massachusetts, and northward. Size very much larger than in R. erinacea, 

 reaching a length of nearly 3 feet. The egg cases are more than twice 

 as large as those of the smaller species, (ocellatus, with eye-like spots.) 



/,, ,.,v//.i/.i, MITPHILT,, Trans. Lit. Phil. Soc., i, 477, 1815, New York; GARMAN, I. c., 177; 

 JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 40, 1883. 



93. RAJA FYLL/E, Lutken. 



Disk rather broader than long, broadly rounded anteriorly ; the tip of 

 the snout very blunt and scarcely projecting; a row of strong backward- 

 hooked spines along median line of back and tail; 2 similar spines on 

 each shoulder and 4 or 5 over each eye; skin very rough with close 

 set spinules, which are coarser than in most species; sides of tail very 

 rough; tail longer than rest of body. Brown, with numerous rounded 

 blackish blotches on disk, tail, and fins. Davis Straits, Greenland, in 

 HOfathoms. Known from a young example about 8 inches long. (Lutken.) 

 (FyUa, name of the Danish cruiser by which the type was taken.) 



R<ijnfyllse, LUTKEN, Vid. Medd. Naturh. Foren. Kjobeuh., 1887, 1, pi. 1, Davis Straits. 



94. RAJA RADIATA, Donovan. 



Besides the spines on the pectorals, head, back, and tail common to 

 most species, this species is marked by the presence of large spinous 

 plates or bucklers; these are large, strong spines, with broad, stellate 

 or shield-like bases arranged as follows: 1 or 2 in front of each eye; 

 1 on each side between the eye and the spiracle; a pair on the shoulder, 

 the smaller in front; and 14 or more forming a dorsal row, beginning 

 just back of the head and extending to the caudal; an irregular row 

 of spines on each side of the tail, separated from the membrane by a band 

 of shagreen; males with 2 or more rows of claw-like spines on the 

 pectorals. Teeth with a long, sharp point rising from the middle and 

 hooking backward in the male, bluntish in the female; females larger 

 than the males and more spinous. (Garman.) Size medium. L. 1 to 2 

 feet. North Atlantic; found both in America and Europe, not common 

 on our coast, (radiatus, radiated.) (Eu.) 



/,''</<( r<li<ifr(, DONOVAN, Hist. Brit. Fish., v, pi. 114, 1820, Great Britain ; GONTIIER, Cat., 



vin, 460, 1870; GARMAN, 7. c., 177; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 41, 1883. 

 Rain ameriania, DE KAY, N. Y. Fauna: Fishes, 368, 1842, Staten Island. 



95. RAJA PLUTONIA, Garman. 



Disk broader than long, subquadrangular, rounded in front; snout 

 a very blunt angle; rostral cartilage short, imperfect; tail i longer than 

 disk; width of mouth | its distance from snout; teeth in 32 series. Eyes 

 large, their length more than interorbital width. Back and tail covered 

 with small, close-set, stellate spines, the points slender, compressed, 

 directed backward, a close series of large spines along median line of 

 back and tail; a supraorbital row, and a single spine on each side of back 

 of head; about 5 on each side of shoulder girdle, in front of which are 

 1 or 2 more; 2 series on each side of tail; smooth below. Color brown, 



