Jordan anJ Krermann. Fishes of North America, 155 



stout; adipose fin long, longer than high; dorsal rays I, 6. Species 

 chiefly Bra/iliau, about 10 recognized in the genus as now restricted. 



(TTifieAfft, fat.) 



250. PIMELODUS MACULATUS, Lace-pedo. 

 (CoNGuo BARBOSO.) 



Head 3i to 4| ; depth 31 to 5. D. I, 6 ; A. 11. Head granulated, entirely 

 naked above. Vomerine teeth none or in very minute patches; teeth on 

 the pterygoids. Eye 5 in head ; interorbital space 3. Maxillary barbelH 

 extending beyond tip of dorsal. Dorsal spine with its dermal tip as long 

 as head, not quite reaching the short adipose fin, which is 3 to 5| times 

 in body. Anal emargmate, some rays extending beyond tips of last rays. 

 No brown bars on caudal ; a dark cross spot at base of first dorsal spine. 

 Rio Mam on i (Panama) and southeastward to Rio de la Plata; extremely 

 variable, generally abundant in Brazil. (Steindachner; Eigenmann.) 

 (maculatus, spotted.) 



Silnmn clarion, LiNN.EUS, x, 306, 1758, in part, not the type. 



Pimelodus clarias, SxEiNDACHNER, Flussfische Siidamer., n, 10, 1879, and of various authors. 



Pimelodmw<i<"iilnlus, LAcfcpEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 94, 107,1803, Rio de la Plata; GUNTHER, 

 Cat., v, 115, 1864, and many authors. 



Piramntana blocMi, GCNTHER, Cat., v, 111, 1864, Cayenne, Surinam. 



Pimelodus rigid tin, Srix, in Agassiz, Pise. Brazil., 19, 1829, Brazil. 



PinH'ldnx blocJiii, CrviER & VALENCIENNES, xv, 188, 1840, after Bloch. 



Mystim ascila, GRONOW, Cat. Fishes, 156, 1854, no locality given. 



Pimelodus macronema, BLEEKER, Silures de Suriname, 79, pi. 14, 1864, Surinam. 



Pseudariodes pantherirms, LUTKEN, Meddel. Nat. Hist. Forem., 1874, Nos. 1, 2, pp. 194, 198, Vene- 

 zuela. 



P*etlorhamdia piscatrix, COPE, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. Phila., XT, 569, 1870, Pebas. 



Piramutana macrospila, GUNTHER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., July, 1880, 10, pi. ir, Rio de la 

 Plata. 



Pimelodus dorian, EIGENMANN, S. A. Nematognathi, 171, 1890. 



Family XXXV. LORICARIID^. 



Catfishes with sides and back covered with bony plates and with the 

 caudal vertebrae compressed; the neural and haemal spines expanded, 

 forming a continuous ridge above and below. Mouth wholly inferior, 

 provided with broad, disk-like lips. Maxillaries thin, with a terminal 

 barbel, which is partly united with the disk at the mouth. No barbels 

 at the chin or nostrils. Teeth, if present, hooked and usually two-lobed 

 at the tip; the functional ones in one series; premaxillaries separate 

 from each other, box-shaped, filled with numerous relay teeth; dentaries 

 separate from each other and formed like the premaxillaries ; no teeth on 

 palate; no frontal or occipital foiitauelle. Dorsal fin present, situated 

 on the abdominal part of the vertebral column, not connected with the 

 occipital process. Adipose fin, if present, composed of a spine with a 

 thin membrane. Anal short. Gill membrane joined to the isthmus ; the 

 gill openings restricted to the sides. Intestinal canal long and coiled 

 upon itself. Nostrils close together, a flap between them ; placed a lit- 

 tle above and in front of the eyes ; iris with a flap encroaching on and 

 sometimes dividing the pupil. Air bladder cavity narrow at the base; 



