Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America. 105 



to snout, 4 to 5 in length of head, much larger than in I. urus. Month 

 quite small, notably smaller and more inferior than in 7. urus; man- 

 dible about equal to eye. Dorsal fin elevated in front and rapidly 

 declined, the highest ray reaching much beyond the middle of the fin, 

 the seventh ray about i the length of the third or longest. Anal rays 

 rapidly shortened behind, the middle rays much shorter than the first 

 long ones. Coloration paler; the lower fins slightly dusky. Mississippi 

 Valley and southward; generally abundant. (/?oi>/fo/lof, buffalo.) 



Amblntlon bubahts, RAFINESQUE, Jour. Phys., 1*818, 421, Ohio River. 



<',,t,>st,>,,iHK bubalns, KIRTLAND, Rep. Zool. Ohio, 168, 1838. 



]>nbnhi'liO>ijx bul>tilns, AOASSIZ, Am. Jour. Sci. Arts, 1855, 195, Ohio River. 



BubaluJitliiisbubitliis, JORDAN, I. c., 206, 1878. 



&.7m></M<t///N urns, GUNTIIER, Cat., vn, 22, 1868. 



Hiibulichthiis alias, NELSON, in Jordan, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1877, 73, Cairo, 111.; JORDAN 



& GILBERT, Synopsis, 883, 1883. 

 (/) < '(if)tioib's taunt*, Mobile River, and C. vitulus, Wabash River, AOASSIZ, Am. Jour. Sci. Arts' 



1854, 355, 356. 



JORDAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., ix, 50, 1877, Ohio River. 



89. CARPIODES, Rafinesque. 

 (CARP SUCKERS.) 



Carpiodes, RAFINESQUE, Ichth. Oh., 56, 1820, (cyprinus). 



Head comparatively short and deep ; its length 3 to 5 times in that of 

 the body; its upper surface always rounded. Eye moderate, median or 

 anterior. Suborbital bones well developed. Fontanelle always well de- 

 veloped. Mouth small, horizontal and inferior; the mandible less than 

 i- length of head; lips thin, the upper protractile, narrow, the lower quite 

 narrow, fl-shaped behind; both lips feebly plicate or nearly smooth. 

 Jaws without cartilaginous sheath. Muciferous system moderately de- 

 veloped. Opercular apparatus well developed; the subopercle broad. 

 Isthmus moderate. Pharyngeal bones remarkably thin, laterally com- 

 pressed, with a shallow furrow along the anterior margin on the inside, 

 and another more central one on the outline of the enlarged surfaces; 

 teeth very small, compressed, nearly equally thin along the whole inner 

 edge of the bone, forming a fine, comb-like crest of minute serratures; 

 their cutting edge rises above the inner margin into a prominent point. 

 Gill rakers slender and stiff above, becoming reduced downward. Body 

 oblong; the dorsal outline more or less arched ; the ventral outline nearly 

 straight; the depth from i to i the length; sides compressed, the back 

 notably so. Caudal peduncle short and deep. Scales large, about equal 

 over the body; lateral line well developed, nearly straight, with 34 to 

 41 scales; 12 to 15 scales in a cross-row from dorsal to veutrals. Dorsal 

 fin beginning near middle of body, somewhat in advance of ventrals, fal- 

 cate; its anterior rays elevated, often filamentous, their height ranging 

 from i to 1J- the length of the base of the fin ; the number of developed 

 rays ranging from 23 to 30; caudal fin well forked, the lobes equal; anal 

 fin comparatively long and low, emarginate (in males), its number of de- 

 veloped rays usually 8; ventrals shortish, with usually 10 rays; pectorals 



