206 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 



more or less mottled with dark; a dusky vertical bar behind the opercle ; 

 dorsal and anal fins each with a dusky crossbar about half way up, the 

 rest of the fin olivaceous in females, fiery red in the males in the spring; 

 iris orange in males. Males in the spring with the head and often the 

 whole body covered with large rounded tubercles. In no other Cyprinoid 

 are these nuptial appendages so extensively developed. Extremely var- 

 iable, the young very different in appearance from the old males. 

 Length 6 to 8 inches. Central New York to Tennessee, Wyoming, and 

 Texas; everywhere abundant in deep or still places in small streams, run- 

 ning up small brooks to spawn in spring. Herbivorous. One of the most 

 interesting and curious of our fishes, (anomalus, extraordinary.) 



Rutilus anomalm, RAFINESQUE, Ichth. Oh., 52, 1820, Licking River, Kentucky. 



Catostonms melanotus, RAFINESQUE, Ic th. Oh., 58, 1820, Ohio River. 



Exoglossum spinicephalum, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, xvn, 489, 1844, Wabash River. 



Leuciscus prolixus, STOKER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., July, 1845, Alabama. 



Exoglossum dubium, KIRTLAND, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., v, 1845, 272, Yellow Creek, Ohio. 



Chomlrostoma pullum, AGASSIZ, Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, 1854, 357, Burlington, Iowa. (Coll. 

 Dr. J. H. Rausch.) 



Campostoma namtum, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 176, Cadereita, and near Mon- 

 terey, New Leon. (Type, No. 75. Coll. Lieut. Couch.) 



Campostoma callipteryx, COPE, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 284, Flint River, Michigan. 

 (Coll. Prof. Manly Miles.) 



Camposloma mormyrus, COPE, I. c., 284, Bruce, Michigan. (Coll. Miles.) 



Campostoma gobioninm, COPE, 1. c., 284, Bruce and Grosse Isle, Michigan. (Coll. Miles.) 



Campostoma hippops, COPE, 1. c., 284, Platte River, Nebraska. (Coll. Dr. W. A. Hammond.) 



Campostoma anomalum, AGASSIZ, Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, 1855, 218; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 

 149, 1883. 



Campostoma dubium, GUNTHER, Cat., vn, 183, 1868. 



Campostoma prolixum, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 150, 1883; this name applied to southern 

 specimens in which the teeth are usually 1, 4-4, 0. 



329. CAMPOSTOMA FORMOSULUM, Girard. 



Head 4; depth 4|. D. 8; A. 7; scales 46. Head short and blunt, with 

 broad, projecting snout. Grayish above, whitish below ; sides more or less 

 marmorate ; a black patch at base of caudal fin and one on the dorsal. San 

 Antonio River to the Rio Grande, (formosulum, diminutive of formosus, 

 pretty.) 



Campostoma formosulum, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 176, Rio Sabinal, near San 

 Antonio, Texas. (Type, No. 76. Coll. Dr. Kennorly.) GIRARD, U. S. & Mex. Bound. 

 Surv., Zoo'l., 41, pi. xxv, figs. 5-8, 1859 ; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 150, 1883. 



101. ORTHODON, Girard. 



Orthodon, GIRARD, Proc. Ac, Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 182, (microlepidota). 



Body elongate. Jaws normal, the upper protractile, the lower sharp- 

 edged, with a knob at the symphysis ; no barbel. Teeth 6-6 or 6-5, much 

 compressed, lancet-shaped, erect, nearly straight. Upper limb of the 

 pharyngeal bone very broad and concave, separated by a deep notch from 

 the dentigerous portion, the bone thin and brittle. Intestinal canal elon- 

 gate, about 7 times the length of the fish; peritoneum black; scales small; 

 lateral line present. Dorsal fin opposite ventrals. Basal rays of caudal 

 largely developed. Anal basis short. Pseudobranchise none. Gill rakers 

 moderate, clavate, the inner edge fringed. Size large. This genus is 



