250 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 



Anal fin with its base more or less elongate, of from 13 to 40 rays ; (9 

 rays in one species). Teeth 5-5, hooked, with grinding surface, the edges 

 of which, in American species, are more or less crenate. Alimentary canal 

 short, though rather longer than the body. Size rather large. As here 

 understood, the American genus Notemigonus is included in Abramis, 

 from which it differs in the much shorter anal fin, from 9 to 18 rays instead 

 of 20 to 40. There is much variation in the length of the anal and in the 

 form of the mouth among the species left in Abramis, and a reunion or a 

 different division of the group may be necessary. In the American species, 

 Notemigonus, the teeth are more or less crenate, in form approaching the 

 serrated teeth of the European genus Scardinius. In the European sub- 

 genera, A bramis and Sailer us, the teeth are entire. In Ballerus there are 

 30 to 40 anal rays ; in Abramis proper 20 to 28. (Abramis, an old name of 

 the Bream, Abramis brama.) 



NOTEMIGONUS (VWTOS, back ; T/JOU-, half; yotvia, angle ; the back being almost carinated.) 

 a. Teeth crenate or serrate ; mouth terminal ; anal shortish, its rays less than 20. 



6. Anal fin with 12 to 18 rays ; scales in the lateral line 43 to 55. CRYSOLEUCAS, 394. 



bb. Anal fin with 9 or 10 rays ; scales in lateral line about 40. GAKDONEUS, 395. 



Subgenus NOTEMIGONUS, Rafinesque. 



394. ABRAMIS CRYSOLEUCAS (Mitchill). 



(GOLDEN SHINER; ROACH; BREAM.) 



Head 4; depth 3; eye moderate, about 4 in head. D.8; A. 13, (12 to 

 14) ; scales 10-46 to 55-3 ; teeth 5-5. Body moderately elongate, strongly 

 compressed. Head short, subconic, compressed, the profi]e.somewhat con- 

 cave. Mouth small, oblique, the upper lip on level of upper part of pupil, 

 the maxillary not reaching front of eye. Fins medium. Color clear 

 greenish above ; sides silvery, with bright golden reflections ; fins yellow- 

 ish, the tips of the lower fins sometimes slightly orange in spring males. 

 Length 12 inches. Nova Scotia and Maryland to Dakota and Texas; 

 everywhere abundant in bayous and weedy ponds. One of the mostj 

 familiar and characteristic of our Cyprinidce. (xpvaog, gold Ae VKOC, white. 



Cyprinus cnjsoleucas, MITCHILL, Rept.Fish.N. Y., 23,1814, New York 



Cyprimis hemiplm, RAFINESQUE, Amer. Monthly Mag., 1817, 121 Lake George ; Saratoga 



Lake. 



Notemigonus auraius, RAFINESQUE, Journ.Phys., 1819,421, Falls of Ohio River. 

 Hemiplus lacustris, RAFINESQUE, "Annals of Nature, 1,6," 1820, Lake George. 

 Abramis versicolor, DE KAY, N. T. Fauna : Fishes, 191, -1842, Connecticut and Hudson 



rivers; Peekskill. 

 Luxilm-seco, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 203, Rio Seco, tributary of Rio Nueces, 



Texas. (Coll. Kennedy.) 

 Luxilusleptosomus, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 203, and U. S. Mox. Bound. Surv.,Tchth., 



60,1859, Dry Creek, Victoria, Texas. (Coll. Kennerly.) 

 Leuciscus, Leucosomus, Luxilus, Plargijrus, Stilbe, Stilbius, or Abramis umerifntnm of various authors, 



(not Cyprinus americanus, L., 1758.) 

 Stilbe americana, COPE, Cypr. Penn., 389, 1866. 

 Leucosomus americanus, STOKER, Fishes Mass., 283, 1867. 

 Abramis americanus, GUNTHER, Cat.,vn, 305,1868. 

 Abramis ? leplosomus, GUNTHER, Cat., vn, 306, 1868. 

 Notemigonus chrysoleucus, JORDAN, Bull. U.S.Nat. Mus., x, 65, 1877 ; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 



250,1883. 

 Notemigonus leplosomus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 250, 1883. 



