Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America. 257 



ww. Caudal fin with a distinct black spot at base in all ages. 



TEXANU8; NOTATUS; VENU8TU8, 438-440. 



m. Dorsal fin with a large black blotch on its upper posterior rays in adult 

 (often obsolete in young), always conspicuous in old males; the fins in 

 males with satin-white, and often with red, pigment. 

 y. Base of caudal with a conspicuous black spot. 



z. Fins in males with white or orange pigment, but no red. 



CERCOSTIGMA; STIGMATURUS, 441; 442. 

 zz. Fins in males with red pigment. 



TRICHROISTIUS; CALLISTIU8; EURYSTOMl'S, 443-445. 



yy. Base of caudal without a conspicuous black spot; no red pigment. 



CJERULEU8; NIVEUS; WHIPPLIi; ANAL08TANU8; 



GALACTURUS; CAMURU8, 446-451. 



uu. Anal fin long, of 10 or 11 rays; fins high; breeding colors brilliant, the males 



largely red. 

 a'. Dorsal fin with a conspicuous black blotch on its last rays. 



b'. Caudal with a dark spot at base. X^ENURUS; HYPSELOPTERUS,452; 453. 

 W. Caudal with a dusky cross-band, but without dark spot at base. 



PYRRHOMELAS, 454. 



aa'. Dorsal fin in males without black blotch. GARHANI, 455. 



aa. Teeth 2, 4-4, 2. 



c'. Anal fin short, its developed rays 7 to 9, sometimes 10 in N. zonistius. 

 d'. Teeth with the grinding surface developed. 

 LUXILUS (from lux, light): 



e'. Species attaining a large size, with the scales along the sides very closely imbri- 

 cated so that the exposed surfaces are very narrow; lower jaw included; 

 dorsal over ventrals; adult with neither dorsal nor caudal spot. 



CORNUTU8; CERASINUS; ALBEOLUS; LACERT08US, 456-459. 



HYDROPHLOX, (i)6wp, water; <pAo>f, flame): 



ee'. Species of moderate or small size, the colors generally brilliant in spring 

 males; dorsal inserted more or less behind ventrals; no black spot at base 

 of dorsal. 



/. Lower jaw projecting. MACDONALDI; COCCOGENIS, 460; 461. 



ff. Lower jaw included or scarcely projecting. 

 g'. Base of caudal without dark spot. 



ZONATUS; ZONISTIUS; RUBRICROCEUS ; CHLOROCEPHALUS; 



LUTIPINNIS, 462-466. 



gg'. Base of caudal with a more or less evident dark spot, at least in young. 

 (HETERODON; HUDSONIUS.) CHILITICUS; ALTIPINNIS; ROSEUS; 



CHALYB^EUS; CHR080MU8; X^NOCEPHALUS, 467-472. 

 dd'. Teeth without evident grinding surface; scales not closely imbricated ; no black 



spot at base of dorsal in front ; sexes usually colored alike. 

 ORCELLA (diminutive of Orca) : 



h'. Top of head elevated, transversely convex, so that the small eye is as near ven- 

 tral as dorsal surface; body little compressed ; color pale, no markings. 



ORCA, 473. 



NOTROPIS (part): 



W. Top of head not especially elevated, the eye nearer dorsal than ventral out- 

 line of head. 

 i'. Dorsal fin inserted nearly over ventrals; no distinct black caudal spot. 



ARIOMMUS; SCABRICEP8; JEJUNU6, 474-476. 



'. Dorsal fin inserted more or less behind ventrals. 



/. Base of caudal without spot. SWAIN I, 477. 



jj'. Base of caudal with a faint spot. AMABILIS, 478. 



jjj'. Base of caudal with a jet-black spot. LEUCIODUS; SCOPIFER, 479; 480. 

 cc f . Anal fin long, its rays 11 or 12, rarely 9; dorsal inserted behind ventrals. 



F . N. A. 18 



