282 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 



elongate in the young, in the adult short, compressed, with the anterior 

 dorsal region much swollen and gibbous. Head rather heavy, compressed, 

 rounded between the eyes, the snout bluntish. Mouth moderate, nearly 

 horizontal, the jaws nearly equal, the lower somewhat included. Eye 

 moderate; maxillary scarcely reaching front of eye, the premaxillaries 

 below the level of eye. Scales always deeper than long on the sides, becom- 

 ing extremely deep in the adult. Lateral line decurved. Dorsal moderate, 

 inserted directly over ventrals in young, thrown somewhat backward in 

 adult by the growth of the nuchal region. Pectorals barely or not reach- 

 ing ventrals, the latter about to vent. Kegion in front of dorsal typically 

 with about 23 scales, the number ranging from 15 to 40. Coloration dark 

 steel-blue above ; the scales with dusky edges, the bases also dusky; a 

 gilt line along the back and one along each side, these distinct only when 

 the fish is in the water ; belly and lower part of the sides silvery, bright 

 rosy in spring males ; dorsal fin somewhat dusky ; other fins plain ; the 

 lower fins all rosy in spring males ; head dark above ; a dark shade behind 

 scapula ; lower jaw and region in front of dorsal to tip of snout covered 

 with small tubercles in spring males ; female and young fishes are plain 

 olivaceous above and silvery below. Length 5 to 8 inches. Entire region 

 east of the Rocky Mountains excepting the South Atlantic States and 

 Texas ; almost everywhere the most abundant fish in small streams. Its 

 variations are great, some of them appearing like distinct species, (cor- 

 nutus, horned.) 



Cyprinus cornulus, MITCHILL, Amer. Monthly Mag. Crit. Review, I, July, 1817, 289, Wallkill 



River, New York ; preliminary notice ; MITCHILL, ?. e., n, February, 1818, 324, detailed 



description. 

 Cyprinus megalops, BAFINESQTJE, Amer. Monthly Mag. and Grit. Review, i, December, 1817, 121, 



Hudson River, above the Falls. 



Oyprinu8 melanurus, RAHNESQUE, I.e., 121, Hudson River, above the Falls. 

 Luxilus chrysocephalus, RAFINESQUE, I. c., 47, 1820, Ohio River. 

 ILuxilus intemipius, * RAFINESQUE, 1. c., 49, Ohio River ; may be N. rubrifrons. 

 Eutilus plargyrus, RAFINESQUE, Ichth. Oh., 50, 1820, Ohio River. 



1 Eutilus compressus, f RAFINESQUE, 1. c., 51, Monongahela River, etc.; may be N. phologenis. 

 Leuciscus vittatus, DE KAY, N. T. Fauna: Fishes, 212, 1842, Chittenonda Creek, tributary of 



Mohawk River. 



Argyreus rubripinnis, HECKEL, Russeggers Reisen, 1843, 1040. 

 Leuciscus spirlingulus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, xvii, 321, 1844, New Jersey; New Harmony, 



Indiana. (Coll. Le Sueur.) 

 Leuciscus obesus, STOKER, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., July, 1845, 48, Florence, Alabama. (Coll. 



C. A. Hentz.) 



*"42nd species, Yellow Shiner, Luxilus interrupt, Luxile jaunatre: Diameter one-sixth of 

 total length ; yellowish olivaceous above, silvery beneath, rufous brown above the head, a 

 rufous line from the dorsal to the tail, 2 straight and separated half lateral lines, the anterior 

 one above the posterior ; pectoral fins reaching the abdominal. Dorsal with 10 and anal with 9 

 rays. A small species, only 3 inches long, called Yellow Chub or Shiner. Seen in the Ohio. 

 Sides opaque, with violet shades. Iris silvery, mouth large, lips very apparent. Fins yellowish, 

 pectorals with 16 rays, caudals with 24." Rafinesque. 



f " 47th species, Baiting Fallfish, Eutilus compressus, Rutile appat: Diameter one-seventh of 

 total length ; silvery, back fulvous, sides compressed, lateral line straight, raised upwards at the 

 base, snout rounded, mouth hardly diagonal, nearly horizontal. Dorsal and anal fins with 9 

 rays. A small fish from 2 to 4 inches long, called Fallfish, Bait fish, Minny, etc. It is found in 

 the Allegheny Mountains, in the waters of the Monongahela, Kanawha, and even in the 

 Potomac. The name of Fallfish arises from its being often found near falls and ripples. Body 

 more compressed than in the other species ; as much so as in the genus Minnilus. Scales large; 

 lips a little fleshy ; iris silvery gilt ; fins transparent ; the pectoral with 14 rays, and not reach- 

 ing the abdominal ; tail with 32 rays." Rafinesque. 



