Jordan and Evcrmann. Fishes of North America. 333 



Yellowish, with a dark lateral band extending from humeral spot to dark 

 area at base of caudal ; dorsal with a dark spot at base. Length 3 

 inches. Rio Frijoli, Atlantic slope of Isthmus of Panama. (Gill.) 



ri,ibn<-i,,,i jiniiiintmais, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 187(3, 3150, Rio Frijoli, Isthmus of 

 Panama. 



140. TETRAGONOPTERUS, Cuvier 

 (SARDINAS BLANCAS.) 



Telragonopterus, CUVIER, Regne Animal, Ed. i, Vol. u, 16G, 1817, (argenteus). 

 Asli/atuu:, BAIRD& GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, 20, (argentatus). 

 Pa'cilxrichtJii/s, GILL, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1858, 417, (brevoorti). 

 Hemigramiuus, GILL, 7.~c., 420, (umlim'utus). 

 Heiitibr//con, GTNTHKR, Cat,, v, 330, 1864, (polyodon). 



Body oblong or elevated, compressed, covered with moderate scales. 

 Lateral line complete, (Tetragonopterus), or interrupted, (Hemiyrammus). 

 Belly rounded. Cleft of mouth medium. Anterior teeth strong, incisor- 

 like ; lateral teeth small ; prernaxillary and maudibular teeth equal in 

 size, with a compressed, notched crown, the former in a double, the latter 

 in a single series ; maxillary with few or many teeth, not produced at tip. 

 Nostrils of each side close together, separated by a valve only. Lower 

 pharyngeals very slender, curved, approaching the form in Cyprinidce, 

 armed with a single series of slender, hooked teeth. Gill openings wide, 

 the membranes free from the isthmus and from each other. Gill-rakers 

 setifonn. Dorsal fin midway of body, just behind ventrals ; anal fin long. 

 Fin rays in males in some species rough with small prickles. Species 

 about 40, in all the warmer parts of America, one of them entering the 

 United States, (rsrpdywvof, four-angled ; 7rrep6v,fiii orwing ; ofnospecial 

 application to this group, the original word used by Klein for his genus 

 including Chwtodontids, being Tetragonoptrus = "TETpayuvoirTp<), i. e., 

 quadratus aspectu." 



a. Lateral line complete ; caudal fin with an oblong spot or band at base. 

 I. Maxillary with few teeth or none along its edge. 



ASTYANAX :* (Astyanax, AoTvai/a, a son of Hector.) 

 c. Body ovate, the depth less than half the length ; anal rays less than 40. 

 d. Anal fin long, its rays 25 to 35. 

 e. Depth 2% to 2% in length. 



55NEUS J RUTILUS ; PANAMENSIS ; MICKOPHTHALMUS, 553 to 556. 



ee. Depth 3 to 3% in length. 



(ERSTEDII ; PETENENSIS ; SCABRIPINNIS ; HUMILIS, 557 to 560. 



dd. Anal fin moderate, its rays 20 to 23 ; humeral spot obsolete. 



/. Pectoral not reaching veutrals. BREVIMANUS, 561. 



/. Pectoral reaching ventrals. MKXICANUS ; ARGENTATUS, 5G2 ; 5(i3. 



Subgenus ASTYANAX, Baird & Girard. 

 553. TETRAGONOPTERUS ;ENEUS, Gunther. 



Head 4; depth 2f ; eye 3fc in head. D. 11; A. 26; V. 8; scales 7-35-6. 

 Snout rather compressed; upper profile slightly concave; maxillary to 

 front of eye; pectoral extending about to ventrals. Deep bronze color; a 



*The species of this group needs a critical revision ; some of them are of doubtful validity. 



