420 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 



posteriorly, entirely behind dorsal; the dorsal fin rather long, of 18 to 20 

 rays; anal low, of moderate length. Pseudobranchise well developed; 

 pyloric cceca numerous. No silvery lateral stripe. Few species. Asiatic 

 and American. (Ikan Etrumei, a Japanese name of Etrumeus micropus.) 



683. ETRUMEUS SADINA (Mitchill). 

 (ROUND HERRING.) 



Head 4 ; depth 6. D. 18 ; A. 13. Body terete and fusiform. Mouth 

 small, maxillary reaching front of orbit. Vomerine teeth present. Eye 

 large, equal to snout. Fins all very small, the ventrals entirely behind 

 dorsal ; the dorsal inserted considerably nearer tip of snout than base of 

 caudal. Axillary scales very long. Olivaceous above, silvery on sides 

 and below, no distinct lateral band. Length 10 inches. Cape Cod to 

 the Gulf of Mexico, on sandy shores ; not rare southward. (Sadina, a 

 diminutive from Shad ; Mitchill called the fish the " New York Shadine.") 



Clupea sadina, MITCHILL, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc., i, 1815, 457, New York. 



Alosaleres, DE KAY, New York Fauna : Fishes, 262, 1842, New York. 



Etrumeus leres, GUNTHER, Cat., vn, 467, 1868; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 263, 1883. 



205. PERKINSIA, Rosa Smith Eigenmann. 

 PerJcinsia, ROSA SMITH EIGENMANN, Amer. Nat., February, 1891, 153, (othonops). 



Like Etrumeus, except that the pectoral and ventral fins are shielded, 

 the scales of the breast adherent, forming a ventral buckler, which covers 

 the closed pectoral fins, leaving only the dorsal edge and the extreme tip 

 of the fins visible ; the closed ventrals likewise slip under a posterior 

 buckler ; axillary scales very large, that of pectoral extending nearly to 

 its tip, that of ventral reaching slightly farther than the fin. Caudal 

 deeply forked, the lateral scales extending continuously on the center of 

 the fin almost to margin of middle rays. Adipose eyelid covering the 

 eye wholly without pupillary slit. One species, from California. (Named 

 for Hon. George C. Perkins, then governor of California, a patron of 

 scientific investigation.) 



684. PERKINSIA OTHONOPS, R. S. Eigenmann. 



Head 4 ; depth 5 ; eye 3. D. 17 ; A. 10 ; scales 50. Head compressed 

 forward ; eye longer than snout ; interorbital space 4| in head. Occiput 

 with ridges forming a W, the top of head with a lanceolate, depressed 

 area anteriorly, a median ridge and a triangular area between it and 

 anterior part of the W. Maxillary 3 in head, not reaching pupil, the 

 supplemental bone very narrow. Cheeks, opercles, and humeral scale 

 with branching mucous canals ; isthmus triangular, the gill covers not 

 emarginate below. Scales large, deciduous. Teeth as in Etrumeus sadina. 

 Pseudobranchise exposed Gill rakers long and slender. Insertion of dor- 

 sal midway between tip of snout and end of anal ; anal small. Ventrals 

 short, 3^ in head, entirely behind dorsal ; pectorals If. Steel-blue, sides 

 silvery ; upper fins dusky; ventrals with median dusky blotch; inner 

 surface of pectorals blackish. Length 12 inches. Point Loma, San 



