422 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 



Clupea latulus, CUVIER, Regne Anim., Ed. 2, Vol. n, 318, 1829, Whitebait. 



Clupea leachi, YARRELL, Zool. Journ., v, 1829, 277, pi. 12, England. 



Clupea minima, (PECK) STORER, Kept. Fish. Mass., 113, 1839, New Hampshire. 



Clupea lineolata, CUVIER& VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xx, 256, 1847, locality unknown. 



Rogeniaalba, OUVIER & VALENCIENNES, the young form known as Whitebait, England. 



686. CLUPEA PALLASII, .Cuvier & Valenciennes. 

 (CALIFORNIA HERRING.) 



Head 4 ; depth 4. D. 16 ; A. 14 ; lateral line 52. Lower jaw strongly 

 projecting ; upper jaw not emarginate. Belly scarcely compressed in 

 front of ventrals, serrate only between ventrals and anal. Gill rakers 

 very long and slender. Vomerine teeth weaker than in C. harengus; 

 usually a few teeth on tongue and premaxillary. Vertebrae also fewer, 

 30 + 20 50. Insertion of dorsal slightly nearer front of eye than base 

 of caudal. Bluish above ; sides and below silvery ; peritoneum dusky. 

 Length 18 inches. Pacific Coast from Kamchatka to San Diego; very 

 similar to C. harengus, and equally abundant. Not entering rivers south- 

 ward. (Named for Petrus Simon Pallas, of St. Petersburg, naturalist 

 and explorer, author of the excellent Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica, 1811.) 



Clupea harengus, Var., PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso. -Asiat., in, 209, 1811, Kamchatka. 



Clupea pallasii, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xx, 253, 1847, Kamchatka; based on 

 Pallas's specimens. 



Clupea mirabilis, GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, 138, San Francisco; GUNTHER; Cat., 

 vn, 418, 1868; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 265, 1883. 



Spratelloides fyyoporus, COPE, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1873, 25, Sitka; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synop- 

 sis, 264, 1883. 



207. CLUPANODON, Lac^pede. 

 (TRUE SARDINES.) 



Clupanodon, LACEPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 468, 1803, (pilchardus, etc.).* 



Thrissa, RAFINESQUE, Analyse de la Nature, 1815, 88 ; substitute for Clupanodon, regarded as an 



objectionable name. 

 Sardinia, POEY, Memorias, n, 311, 1860, (pseudohispanica) . 



This genus is close to Clupea, which it resembles in the elongate form 

 and weak ventral serratures. Vomer toothless, the teeth in the jaws 

 mostly weak. Scales thin, deciduous. Adipose eyelid present. Gill 

 rakers very numerous. Species about 6, chiefly confined to the two tem- 

 perate zones, all closely related to the European Sardine, Clupanodon pil- 

 chardus, and agreeing with it in the rich and delicate flesh ; less firm 

 than that of related species, and much richer in oil. Species marine, not 



* "Six species are referred by Lacepede to this genus [Clupanodon], viz: thrissa, L., (Opistho- 

 nema, Gill), nasica, Lac., (warns, Bloch), (Dorosoma, Raf.), pilchardus, L., (Sardinia, Poey), sineusis, 

 L., (Cltipeonia, C. & V.), africanus, Bloch, (Pellona, C. & V.), jussieu, Lac., (Clupeonia, C. &. V.). 



One of these, Pellona africana, does not conform to the definition and should be excluded. 

 All the others (except Dorosoma nasus) are very closely related and are probably all representa- 

 tives of sections of the genus Clupea, rather than of distinct genera. The name Clupanodon is 

 prior to all of these and must take the place of one of them. So far as we know it has never 

 been formally restricted. It seems to us better to consider C. jussieui as the type of Clupanodon 

 and to substitute Clupanodon for Clupeonia. 1 '' (Jordan & Gilbert, I. c.). 



Inasmuch as the genus Sardinia is of later date than any of the others included under Clu- 

 panodon, the name Clupanodon must be used for its type instead of letting it take the place of C7u- 

 peonia as above suggested. This arrangement accords with the views of Dr. Gill. 



