Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America. 423 



anadromous. Very close to Pomolobus, as also to Clupea, and perhaps the 

 three should be reunited. (Clupea, herring ; avo4o6?, without teeth; this 

 genus being supposed to differ from Clupea by the absence of teeth.) 



a. Opercles conspicuously striate; side with a series of round black spots on level of eye, these 



obsolete with age; no teeth in jaws. California. CJERULEUS, 687. 



aa. Opercles scarcely striate; sides without black spots; minute teeth on tongue and lower jaw. 



West Indian. PSEUDOHISPANICUS, 688. 



887. CLUPANODON (LERULEUS (Girard). 

 (CALIFORNIA SARDINE.) 



Head 4 ; depth 5. D. 14 ; A. 17 ; lateral line 53 ; scutes 18 -f- 14. Verte- 

 bra about 50. Body slender, subfusiform, slenderer and less compressed 

 than a herring, the back rather broad. Ventral serratures very weak. 

 Maxillary reaching nearly to middle of eye. Adipose eyelids present, 

 each covering nearly i of eye. Mandible little projecting, the tip 

 included. No teeth in mouth. Gill rakers longer than eye, very slender 

 and numerous, close-set, some 50 or 60 on lower limb of arch. Opercle 

 truncate behind, the edge vertical, the upper half with conspicuous 

 branching tubes and stria?, the lower with about 7 long striae extending 

 downward and backward ; top of head with bony stri*. A frill of 

 enlarged scales with dendritic striae about nape and shoulder. Insertion 

 of dorsal considerably nearer snout than base of caudal. Dorsal small, 

 its free edge concave; pectorals and ventrals with sheathing scales; 

 anal small and low, its last two rays enlarged, forming a sort of finlet. 

 Dark-bluish above; silvery below; a series of round black spots on the 

 level of the eye, running backward, bounding the dark color of the back ; 

 similar smaller spots above, forming lines along the rows of scales; these 

 spots sometimes obscure or wanting, especially in old examples ; tip of 

 lower jaw yellow; lower part of dorsal yellowish; peritoneum black. 

 Flesh darker than that of the herring and more oily. Length 12 inches. 

 Pacific Coast from Puget Sound to Magdalena Bay ; abundant on Cali- 

 fornia coast; spawning in the sea. An excellent food-fish. It resembles 

 the European Sardine (Clupanodon pilchardus), but has no teeth, and the 

 belly is less strongly serrate. We have not been able to compare the 

 California Sardine with Clupanodon sagax* from Chili, (cceruleus, blue.) 



MaleUa cierulearf GIRARD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, 138, San Francisco. 

 Alausa californica, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 281, California. 



Clupea sagax, GtfNTHER, Cat., vn, 443, 1868; not of JENYNS;} JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 965, 

 1883. 



688. CLUPANODON PSEUDOHISPANICUS (Poey). 



(SARDINA DE ESPANA, BANG.) 



Head 4; depth 3f to 4-fc ; eye 3f. D. 16; A. 16; scales about 45. Ver- 

 tebras 46 to 48. Body slender, little compressed, the belly scarcely cari- 



* Very few species of shore fishes are, however, common to the fauna? of California and Chili, 

 and as this sardine is not found on the intervening coast of Mexico, it is best to regard csenilea 

 as distinct from sagax until positively shown to be identical. 



f The name csmilea is preoccupied in Clupea, but not in Clupanodon. 



I Clupea sagax, JENYNS, Zool. Beagle, Fishes, 134, 1842, Lima, San Lorenzo Island; Alow, 

 musica, GIRAUD, U. S. Nav. Astr. Exped., 24G, 1855, Chili; Alosa fimbriaia, KNER & STEINDACHNER, 

 S. A. K. Wiss. Wien, 1866, f. 15, Chili. 



