428 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum, 



Clupea sapidissima, WILSON, in Kees's New Cyclopedia, ixg., no pagination nor date, but prior 

 to 1812,* no locality, but probably Philadelphia ; BAFINESQUE, Amer. Month. Mag., 

 Vol. n, 1817, 205, tributaries of Atlantic Ocean ; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 267, 1883. 



Clupea indigena, MITCHILL, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y., i, 1815, 454, (very young), New York. 



AlosaprsestaUKs, DE KAY, New York Fauna: Fishes, 255, pi. 15, fig. 41, 1842, New York. 



A losa sapidissima, of many American writers. 



210. SARDINELLA, Cuvier & Valenciennes. 

 (SCALED SARDINES.) 



Sardinella, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xx, 261, 1847, (auriia). 

 Harengula, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xx, 280, 1847, (latula). 

 Clupeonia, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xx, 345, 1847, (jussieid). 

 Kowala, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xx, 362, 1847, (thoracata = JcowaT). 

 Lile, JORDAN & EVERMANN, new subgenus, (stolifera). 



Small herrings of the tropical seas, with the vertebrae in reduced num- 

 ber, about 40 to 44, and with the scales large, usually firm and adherent, 

 often crossed by vertical striae. Ventral scutes strong, 25 to 35 in num- 

 ber. Adipose eyelid obsolete. Lower jaw projecting; upper jaw some- 

 what emarginate ; teeth weak. Ventrals inserted behind front of dorsal. 

 Body compressed; cheeks not deep; gill rakers long and numerous; 

 otherwise essentially as in Pomolobus. The genus Sardinella, as here 

 understood, covers a wide diversity of forms and may be divisible into 

 several genera when the anatomy of the species is better known. (Sar- 

 dinella, diminutive of Sardina, a sardine.) 



a. Side of body without distinct silvery lateral band; mouth moderate, the teeth very small, 



but permanent over most of the bones of the mouth; scales large and usually firm. 

 SARDINELLA: 

 b. Ventral scutes 33 to 35. 



. c. Body slender, the depth about 4^ in length; a black opercular spot. 



ANCHOVIA, 694. 

 cc. Body rather deep, the depth about 3%-in length; no black opercular spot. 



CLUPEOLA, 695. 

 bb. Species imperfectly described, probably allied to Sardinella. 



d. Snout and chin black. APICALIS, 696. 

 dd. Snout and chin not black; a black humeral spot; sides with dark streaks. 



BISHOPI, 697. 



HARENGULA (diminutive of Harengus, herring): 



bbb. Ventral scutes 25 to 28; body short and deep, compressed, the scales usually with 

 vertical strise. 



e. Scales not very firm and little adherent, so that many are lost in preserved examples; 



each scale with four vertical wavy stria;; ventral scutes about 15 +10; depth 



3 in length; eye 2% in head; no humeral spot. SARDINA, 698. 



ee. Scales firm and closely adherent so that few, if any, are lost in preserved examples; 



usually a humeral spot. 

 f. Body moderately elongate, the ventral outline not strongly arched, the depth 



3 /l5 to 3 f in length. 



g. Head long, 3f in length; eye 2% in head. MACROPHTHALMUS, 699. 



gg. Head deep, 4 in length; eye 3 in head. THRISSINA, 700. 



jf. Body deep, the ventral outline arched, forming an even curve from snout to 

 vent, the depth 2% to 3; head 3 in length; eye 2% in head. 



HUMERALIS, 701. 



*Dr. Gill writes "The copy I have before me is in the original binding and has 'Thomas 

 Munroe's Book 1812 ' on fly leaf." 



