446 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 



short and slender, not reaching joint of mandible ; maxillary with very 

 fine teeth ; mandible without teeth. Cheeks triangular, the form lower 

 and broader than usual, its base at eye length of other sides. Eye 

 much longer than snout ; opercles unusually long, the distance from ridge 

 of preopercle at lower posterior angle of cheek back to gill opening 

 equal to distance from same point forward to middle of eye. Insertion of 

 dorsal midway between base of caudal and middle of eye ; anal shortish, 

 with a large scaly sheath; pectorals and ventrals short; scales large, 

 rather adherent. Bluish above, silvery below, not translucent ; no lateral 

 silvery band. Length 5 inches. Gulf of California to Panama ; not very 

 common, (opercularis, pertaining to-the opercle, which is very long.) 

 Stolephorus opercularis, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1881, 275, Punta San 

 Felipe, Gulf of California. (Type, No. 29366. Coll. Lieut. Nichols.) 



731. STOLEPHORUS MITCHILLI (Cuvier & Valenciennes). 



Head 3f; depth 4; eye 3. D. 14; A. 25 or 26; scales 37. Body rather 

 short and deep, strongly compressed, the belly compressed and slightly 

 serrated. Head short, compressed, bluntish; snout very short, not 

 longer than pupil ; eye very large ; maxillary about reaching edge of 

 opercle; both jaws with teeth; cheeks broadly triangular, almost equi- 

 lateral, smaller than eye ; opercle short, little oblique ; gill rakers rather 

 long, 1 eye. Dorsal inserted midway between caudal and middle of eye; 

 anal very long; pectorals long, about reaching ventrals. Scales thin, 

 caducous. Translucent whitish, sides silvery, with an ill-defined narrow 

 silvery band scarcely wider than pupil; fins with yellowish; many dark 

 dots on body and fins. Length 2| inches. Cape Cod to Texas on sandy 

 shores, entering rivers ; very abundant. The smallest species of Anchovy 

 found north of the tropics. (Named for Professor Samuel Latham 

 Mitchill, author of a valuable early catalogue of the fishes of New York.) 

 Engraulis mitchilli, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xxi, 50, 1848, New York; Caro- 

 lina; Lake Pontchartrain. 

 Engraulis louMana, LE SUEUR, MS.? CUVIER" & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xxi, 51, 1848, 



Lake Pontchartrain. 



Engraulis duodecim, COPE, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., 1866, 405, Beasleys Point, New Jersey; 

 (dorsal fin said to be entirely anterior to the long and deeply concave anal, which is not 

 true in S. mitchilli; the description otherwise agrees). 

 Stolephorus mitchUli, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 248. 



782. STOLEPHORUS LUCIDUS, Jordan & Gilbert. 

 ("SARDINA.") 



Head 3f ; depth 3f ; eye 3. D. 12; A. 27; scales 36-6; B. 11. Body 

 closely compressed, but not greatly elevated, the back weakly arched ; 

 belly carinate before anal, but not serrate. Head short, rather pointed, 

 the margins of opercles forming an even curve ; maxillary narrow- 

 pointed, reaching little beyond mandibular joint ; teeth evident ; snout 

 short, projecting, 2 in eye ; cheeks oblique, V-shaped, the length more 

 than i head; gill rakers rather few and short, the longest 2 in eye. 

 Front of dorsal midway between base of caudal and front of eye ; caudal 

 short, the lower lobe the longer; pectoral about reaching ventrals. 



