448 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 



736. STOLEPHORUS PANAMENSIS (Steindachner). 



Head 4f ; depth 3| to 3f; eye about 3. D 12; A 31 to 36; scales 35. 

 Body strongly compressed, the outlines not strongly arched. Snout 

 short, bluntly conical, not f length of the large eye. Maxillary pointed 

 behind, reaching gill opening ; evident teeth in both jaws ; no process on 

 subopercle. Insertion of dorsal a little nearer posterior edge of eye than 

 caudal ; caudal longer than head; pectorals long, reaching anal. Pale, a 

 well-marked silvery-gray lateral band. Length 6 inches. Panama; not rare. 



Engraulis panamer.sis, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., iv, 39, 1875, Panama. 



737. STOLEPHORUS SPINIFER (Cuvier & Valenciennes). 



Head 4 ; depth 4, D. 15; A. 37 or 38. Abdomen compressed, not ser- 

 rated ; snout pointed, much projecting ; each jaw with minute teeth ; 

 maxillary tapering, reaching gill opening ; subopercle projecting beyond 

 opercle, forming u, small triangular prominence. Gill rakers slender, 

 longer than eye, 10 + 16. Insertion of dorsal considerably nearer tip of 

 snout than base of caudal ; pectorals reaching ventra.s. Coloration uni- 

 form, no distinct lateral stripe. Length 6 inches. Coast of Guiana; 

 recorded from Panama-by Steindachner. (Gunther.) (spina, spine ; fero, 

 I bear; in allusion to the subopercular process.) 



Engraulis spinifer, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xxi, 39, 1848, Cayenne ; GUN- 

 THER, Cat., vn, 384, 1868. 



219. ENGRAULIS, Cuvier. 

 (ANCHOVIES.) 



Engraulis, CUVIER, Regne Animal, Ed. i, 174, 1817, (encrasicholus). 

 Encrasichohis, FLEMING, British Animals, 183, 1828, (encrasicholus). 



We separate from Stolephorus as a distinct genus, the typical species of 

 Engraulis, with a few related species, the anchovies of the north and 

 south Temperate zones, the species of Stolephorus being confined chiefly to 

 the tropics. The technical basis of this division, the increased number 

 of vertebra? in Engraulis, is connected with the geographical distribution 

 of its species. Engraulis includes spindle-shaped species, little com- 

 pressed, the sides rounded, the vertebrae in larger number (about 45*), the 

 flesh rather dark, tender, and somewhat oily, not translucent, the bones 

 soft, the appearance and flesh resembling that of the sardines, (ty-ypavhic , 

 engraulis, the ancient name of Engraulis encrasicholus, the common 

 anchovy of Europe.) 



a. Head very long, the snout projecting ; gill rakers very long, much longer than eye ; A. 22; 

 no distinct-silvery lateral band ; jaws with small teeth. MORDAX, 738. 



738. ENGRATJLIS MORDAX, Girard. 

 (CALIFORNIA ANCHOVY.) 



Head 3|; depth 5i. D. 14; A. 22; scales 40; B. 14. Vertebra? 

 23 + 22 = 45. Body spindle-shaped, formed much as in a sardine, 'little 

 compressed, rounded above, slightly carinated below, not serrated; head 



* 44 or 45 in E, mordax ; 46 or 47 in S. encrasicholus. 



