Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America. 451 



upper, the ventral edge trenchant, not serrate; snout short, blunt, 

 upturned ; teeth small ; maxillary not reaching joint of mandible ; gill 

 rakers short, 7 -{- 14, the longest f eye. Pectoral scarcely shorter than 

 head, reaching middle of length of ventrals; insertion of dorsal mid- 

 way between base of caudal and base of pectoral ; anal inserted before 

 dorsal ; scales deciduous. Silvery lateral band broad, not strongly 

 marked, narrowed on the tail. Coasts of Guiana and Brazil, ascending 

 rivers. (Steindachner. ) (atherinoides, like Atherina, referring to the sil- 

 very stripe.) 



Clupea aOierinoides, LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. xu, 523, 1766, Surinam. 



Etigranlis athcriHoitlea, GUNTHEH, Cat., vir, 398, 1868 ; STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Bcitr, vin, 59, 1875. 



Pterengraulis atherinoides, EIQENMANN & BRAY, Ann. N. Y. Ac. Nat. Sci., 1894, 627. 



223. LYCENGRAULIS, Gunther. 



Lycengraulis, GUNTHEK, Cat. Fishes, vn, 399, 1868, (grossidens). 



This genus differs from Stolephorus chiefly in the dentition, the teeth 

 being unequal in size, some of them canine-like. The known species are 

 South American. (Avof, wolf; Engraulis.) 



748. LYCENGRAULIS GROSSIDENS (Cuvier). 



Head 4; depth 4; B. 13; D. 14 or 15; A. 25 to 28; scales 40. Body 

 compressed ; snout pointed, projecting ; upper teeth strong, subequal, 

 lower still stronger, 14 to 18 on each side, between them a few smaller 

 teeth maxillary tapering, reaching angle of lower jaw; gill rakers 

 very short, lanceolate, about 10 -f- 12 to 15. Insertion of dorsal midway 

 between middle of eye and base of caudal ; anal inserted below posterior 

 half of dorsal. Abdomen compressed, without scutes. Pectorals reach- 

 ing ventrals. Silvery band broad, not well defined. Coast of Guiana 

 and Brazil, very abundant southward ; a good food-fish. (Gunther.) 

 (grossus, large ; dens, tooth.) 



Engraulis grossidens (CUVIEB) AQASSIZ, Spix, Pise. Brasil., 50, 1828, Rio Janeiro. 

 Engraulte Janeiro, AGASSIZ, Spix, Pise. Brasil., pi. 24, fig. 1, 1828, Rio Janeiro. 

 Engratdis deniex, CUVIEB. & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xxi, 28, 1848, Rio Janeiro. 

 Lycengraulis grossidens, EIGENMANN & BBAY, Ann. N. Y. Ac. Nat. Sci., 1894, 626. 



Family LXIII. ALEPOCEPHALID^E. 



Body oblong, compressed, covered with thin cycloid or keeled scales, 

 or with naked skin ; head naked. Lateral line present or absent. No 

 barbels. Mouth moderate or large ; margin of the upper jaw formed by 

 the premaxillaries and the maxillaries, the former being placed along the 

 upper anterior edge of the latter. Teeth feeble. Opercular apparatus 

 complete, its bones thin. Phosphorescent spots none, or rudimentary, 

 placed in nodules of the naked skin. No adipose fin; dorsal fin long 

 and low, posterior, inserted nearly opposite the anal; pectorals short, 

 placed rather high ; ventrals usually well back, sometimes wanting. 

 Gill openings very wide, the membranes free from the isthmus. Pseudo- 

 branchiae present; no gular plate; no air bladder. Stomach curved, 

 without blind sac ; pyloric co3ca in moderate number. Fishes of the deep 



