478 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 



Subgenus ONCORHYNCHUS. 

 773. ONCORHYNCHUS GORBTJSCHA (Walbaum). 



(HUMPBACK SALMON ; HADDO ; HOLIA ; GOKBUSCHA ; DOG SALMON of Alaska.) 

 B. 11 or 12. Gill rakers 13 + 15. A. (developed rays) 15 ; D. 11 ; scales 

 215 (210-240), those of the lateral line larger, 170. Pyloric cceca very 

 slender, about 180. Body rather slender, in the female plump and sym- 

 metrical, in the fall males very thin and compressed, with the fleshy dor- 

 sal hump much developed and the jaws much elongated, strongly hooked, 

 and with extravagant canines in front. Ventral appendage half the 

 length of the fin. Color bluish; sides silvery ; back posteriorly, adipose 

 fin, and tail with numerous black spots ; those on the caudal fin partic- 

 ularly large and oblong in form; fall males red, more or less blotched with 

 brownish. Weight 3 to 6 pounds. Pacific Coast and rivers of North America 

 and Asia from Oregon northward; not rare; occasionally taken in the 

 Sacramento * where it is called "Lost Salmon." Known at once by the 

 very small size of the scales, and by the coarse oblong spots on the tail. 

 (Gorbuscha, the Russian vernacular name in Alaska.) 



Salmo gorbuscha, WALBAUM, Artedi Piscium, 69, 1792, Kamchatka ; after the Gorbuscha of PEN- 

 NANT and KRASCHENINNIKOW. 



Salmo gibber, BLOCK & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 409, 1801, Kamchatka ; after KRASCHENIN- 

 NIKOW. 



Salmo proteus, PALLAS, Zoogr. Kosso-Asiatica, in, 376, 1811, Bering Sea ; SUCKLEY, Monogr. 

 Salmo, 97, 1861 (1874). 



Salmo scouleri, KICHARDSON, Fauna Bor.-Amer., in, 158, 1836, Observatory Inlet. 



Salmo tschawytschiformis, SMITT, I Riksmuseeum Befintliga Salmonider, 161, 1886, Port Clar- 

 ence. 



Oncorhynchus proteus, GUNTHER, Cat., vi, 157, 1866. 



Oncorhynchus scouleri, GUNTHER, Cat., vi, 158, 1866. 



Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 305, 1883. 



774. ONCORHYNCHUS KETA (Walbaum). 

 (Doc SALMON ; HAY-KO ; LE KAI SALMON.) 



Head 4; depth 4. D. 9; A. 13 or 14; scales about 28-150-30; B. 13 or 

 14, rather broad ; gill rakers 9 -f- 15 ; pyloric cceca 140-185. General form 

 of the Qujnnat, but the head proportionately longer, more depressed 

 and pike-like; the preopercle more broadly convex behind, and the 

 maxillary extending considerably beyond eye. Gill rakers few, coarse, 

 and stout, as in the Quinnat. Accessory pectoral scale short, not 

 half the length of fin. Dusky above; sides paler, little lustrous; back 

 and sides with no defined spots, but only fine specklings, which are 

 often entirely obsolete ; head dusky, scarcely any metallic luster on head 

 or tail; caudal dusky, plain, or very finely maculate, its edge usually 

 distinctly blackish ; fins all mostly blackish, especially in males ; breed- 

 ing males generally blackish above, with sides brick-red, often barred or 

 mottled. Weight about 12 pounds. San Francisco to Kamchatka, 

 ascending all streams in the fall, and spawning at no great distance 

 from the sea ; abundant in Bering Straits. At the time of its run the 



* This species appears in Alaska every year and in great abundance. In Puget Sound it comes 

 each alternate year only, the odd year (1891, 1893, etc.). In the Sacram ' 

 very small numbers. It ascends the Sacramento as far as Shasta County. 



In the Sacramento each year, but in 



