Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America. 481 



changes of form. Length 15 inches. Weight 3 to 8 pounds. A small 

 salmon, ascending streams in the fall to no great distance. Abundant 

 from San Francisco northward, especially in Puget Sound and the 

 Alaskan fjords; south on the Asiatic coasts to Japan. (Kisutcli, the ver- 

 nacular name in Alaska and Kamchatka; called by the Russians Blelaya 

 Byba, or whitefish.) 



? Salmo milklschitch, WALBAUM, Artedi Piscium, 70, 1792, Bering Sea; after Milktschutsch or Milk. 



tschitsch of PENNANT and KRASCHENINNIKOW; probably the young of kisutch. 

 Salmo kisutch,* WALBAUM, Artedi Piscium, 70, 1792, Rivers and Lakes of Kamchatka; after 



the Kisutch of PENNANT. 

 ? Salmo striatus, BLOCK & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 407, 1801, Kamchatka; after Milktschitsch of 



KRASCHENINNIKOW. 



Salmo kysutch, BLOCK & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 407, 1801, Kamchatka; after PENNANT. 

 Salmo sanguinolentus, PALLAS, Zoogr. Ross.-Asiat., in, 379, 1811, Bering Sea. 

 Salmo tsuppilch, RICHARDSON, Fauna Bor.-Amer., in, 224, 1836, Columbia River ; GCNTHER, 



Cat., vi, 118, 1866. 



? Salmo macrostoma, GUNTHER, Amer. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1877, 444, Yokohama, Japan. 

 Oncorhynchns lycaodon, GUNTHER, Cat., vi, 155, 1866; in part. 

 Salmo scouleri, SUCKLEY, Monogr. Salmo, 94, 1861 (1874). 

 Oncorhijnchus sanguinolentus, GUNTHER, Cat., vi, 160, 1866. 

 Oncorhyncltus tsiippitch, JORDAN, Forest and Stream, September 16, 1880, 130 

 Oncorhynchus kisutch, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 307, 1883. 



Subgenus HYPSIFARIO, Gill. 



777. ONCORHYNCHUS NEBKA (Walbaum). 



(BLUE-BACK SALMON ; REDFISH ; FRASER RIVJCR SALMON ; SAW-QUI SALMON ; KRASNAYA RYBA. 



Head 4; depth 4. B. 13 to 15; D. 11; A. 14 to 16; scales 20-133-20; 

 pyloric coeca 75 to 95 ; vertebrae 64. Gill rakers about 32 to 40, usually 

 14 or 15 + 22 or 23, as long as eye. Body elliptical, rather slender. 

 Head short, sharply conic, pointed, the lower jaw included. Maxillary 

 rather thin and small, extending beyond eye. Teeth all quite small, 

 most of them freely movable ; vomer with about 6 weak teeth, which 

 grow larger in fall males, instead of disappearing. Preopercle very wide 

 and convex; opercle very short, not strongly convex. Preopercle more 

 free behind than in 0. tschaivytscha. Ventral scale about half the length 

 of the fin. Caudal fin narrow, widely forked ; anal fin long and low ; 

 dorsal low. Flesh deep red. Males becoming extravagantly hook-jawed 

 in the fall, the snout being then prolonged and much raised above the 

 level of rest of head, the lower jaw produced to meet it; mandible li 

 in head in fall males, If in females ; snout 2J in head in fall males, 3| in 

 females. Color clear bright blue above; sides silvery, this hue overlying 

 the blue of the back; lower fins pale, upper dusky* no spots anywhere 

 in adults in spring ; the young with obscure black spots above. 



Color of breeding male: back blood red, with dark edges to some of the 

 scales ; middle of side darker red, but unevenly so, usually darkest at 

 middle of body ; under parts dirty white, with numerous fine dark dust- 

 ings; head above and on sides pale olivaceous, some darker mottling on 



* Misprinted himtch by Walbaum, the error corrected in the errata. The name milktschitsch 

 has a few lines of priority over kisutch, but we are not absolutely sure that it belongs to the 

 same species. 



F. N. A. 32 



