Jordan and Ever man n. Fishes of North America. 483 



and an equal number behind it; lower parts colored as in the large fish; 

 top and sides of head dark greenish olive ; snout black ; lower jaw white, 

 with black tip ; dorsal pale red ; anal dirty red ; other fins dark smoky. 

 Female darker than the male ; not greatly different in color from the 

 black* speckled trout, (nerka, a Russian name.) 



Salmo nerka, WALBAUM, Artedi Piscium, 71, 1792 ; after the Nerka of PENNANT, the Aorta of 



KBASCHINIXNIKOW, rivers and seas of Kamchatka; BLOCK & SCHNEIDKR, Syst. Tchth., 



417, 1801; after PENNANT and KRASCHININNIKOW. 



Salmo lycaodon, PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., in, 370, 1811, Ochotsk Sea ; Kamchatka. 

 Salmo paucidens, RICHARDSON, Fauna Bor.-Amer., in, 222, 1836, Columbia River. 

 Salmo tapdisma, CUVIER & VALKNCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poies., xxi, 305, 1848, Kamchatka; on a 



drawing. 

 Salmo arabatsch, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xxi, 3G5, 1848, Kamchatka; on a 



drawing. 



Salmo melampterus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, xxi, 1. c., 3C5, 1848, Kamchatka; on a drawing, 

 Salmo kennerlyi, SUCKLEV, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vn, 1861, 3<7, Chiloweyuck Lake; 



(Type, No. 2092. Coll. Kennerly); SUCKLEY, Monogr. Salmo, 145, 1861 (1874); GATHER, 



Cat., vi, 120, 1866. 

 Salmo cooperi, SUCKLEY, Notices New Species N. A. Salmon, New York, June, 1861, and Monogr. 



Salmo, 99, 1861 (1874), Okanogan River. (Coll. Geo. Gibbs.) 

 Salmo warrem, BUCKLEY, 1. c., June, 1861, and I. c., 147, 1861 (1874), Fraser River, British 



Columbia. (Type, Nos. 2070 and 2073. Coll. Kennerly.) 

 Salmo richardi, SUCKLEY, 1. c., June, 1861, and I. c., 117, 1861 (1874), Fraser and Skagit 



rivers. (Type, No. 2005.) 



Hypsifario kennerlyi, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 330. 

 Oncorhynchus lycaodon, GUNTHER, Cat., vn, 155, 1866. 

 Oncorhynchus paucidens, GUNTHER, Cat., vn, 158, 1866. 

 Oncorhynchus nerka, JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 308, 1883. 

 Oncorhynchus nerka kennerlyi, BEAN, Forest and Stream, July 9, 1891, 



235. SALMO (Artedi) Linnams. 



(SALMON AND TROUT.) 



Salmo (ARTEDI, Genera Piscium) LiNNa:us, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 1758, 308, (solar, etc). 

 TrutUe, LlNN^US, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 1758, 308, (trutla, etc.: " Truttx cm-pore variegaio "). 

 Fario, CUVIEB & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xxi, 277, 1848, (argenteus = trutta). 

 Salar, CUVIEK & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xxi, 314, 1848, (au$onii=fario). 

 Trutla, SIEBOLD, Siisswasserfische Mittel Europa, 280, 1863, (trutta). 



Body elongate, somewhat compressed. Mouth large ; jaws, palatines, 

 and tongue toothed, as in related genera; vomer flat, its shaft not 

 depressed, a few teeth on the chevron of the vomer, behind which is a 

 somewhat irregular single or double series of teeth, which in the migra- 

 tory forms are usually deciduous with age. Scales large or small, 110 to 

 200 in a longitudinal series. Dorsal and anal fins short, usually of 10 to 

 12 rays each; caudal fin truncate, emarginate or forked, its peduncle 

 comparatively stout. Sexual peculiarities variously developed; the 

 males in typical species with the jaws prolonged and the front teeth 

 enlarged, the lower jaw being hooked upward at the end and the upper 

 jaw emarginate or perforate. In the larger and migratory species these 

 peculiarities are most marked. Species of moderate or large size, black- 

 spotted, abounding in the rivers and lakes of North America, Asia, and 

 Europe ; no fresh-water species occurring in America east of the Missis- 

 sippi Valley ; two Atlantic species, marine and auadromous. The non- 

 migratory species (subgenus Trutta) are in both continents extremely 



