506 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 



237. SALVELINUS (Nilsson) Richardson. 



(CHARRS.) 



Salvelini, NILSSON, Prodr. Ichth. Scand., 7, 1832, (alpinus); (group name). 

 Salvelinm, RICHARDSON, Fauna Bor.-Amer., in, 169, 1836, (alpinus); after NILSSON. 

 Baione, DfiKAY, N. Y. Fauna: Fishes, 244, 1842, (fontinalis). 

 Umbla, RAPP, Fische Bodensee, 32, 1854, (umbla = alpinus). 



Body moderately elongate. Mouth large or small. Teeth of jaws, 

 palatines, and tongue essentially as in Salmo, the hyoid patch present or 

 not. Vomer boat-shaped, the shaft much depressed, without raised crest, 

 with teeth on the head of the bone and none on shaft. Scales very small, 

 200 to 250 in a lengthwise series. Fins moderate, the caudal forked in the 

 young, truncate* in some species in the adult. Sexual peculiarities not 

 strongly marked, the males with the premaxillaries enlarged and a fleshy 

 projection at the tip of the lower jaw. Coloration dark, with round, 

 crimson spots, the lower fins sometimes with marginal bands of black, 

 reddish, and pale. Species numerous in the clear streams and lakes of 

 the northern parts of both continents, sometimes descending to the sea, 

 where they lose their variegated colors and become nearly plain and sil- 

 very. The members of this genus are by far the most active and hand- 

 some of the trout, and live in the coldest, clearest, and most secluded 

 waters. "No higher praise can be given to a Salmonoid than to say, it 

 isacharr." (Salvelinus, an old name of thecharr; from the same root 

 as Salbling or Saibling.) 



a. Back unspotted, strongly marbled with dark olive or black; dorsal and caudal fins mottled; 

 body rather Btout, the head heavy; gill rakers small, 6 + 11, not curled. 



FONTINALIS, 783. 



aa. Back not marbled with darker. 



b. Back with red spots, like those on the sides, but smaller and usually paler; mouth large, 



the maxillary reaching beyond eye; gill rakers 8 + 12. MALMA, 784. 



66. Back unspotted, the red spots confined to the sides; maxillary usually not reaching 



beyond eye. 



c. Gill rakers numerous, 6 + 12 to 16; head rather large, 4 to 4% in length; body 

 rather stout; belly orange in breeding season. ALPINUS, 785. 



cc. Gill rakers fewer, 6 + 11, small; head small, 4% to 5 in length; body slender. 



OQUASSA, 786. 



783. SALVELINUS FONTINALIS (Mitchill). 

 (BROOK TKOUT; SPECKLED TROUT.) 



Head 4|; depth 4. D. 10; A. 9; scales 37-230-30; gill rakers about 

 6 + 11. Body oblong, moderately compressed, not much elevated. Head 

 large, but not very long, the snout bluntish, the interorbital space rather 

 broad. Mouth large, the maxillary reaching more or less beyond the eye. 

 Eye large, usually somewhat above the line of the axis of the body. 

 Caudal fin slightly lunate in the adult, forked in the young; adipose fin 

 small; pectoral and ventral fins not especially elongate. Red spots on 

 the sides rather smaller than the pupil; back mostly without spots, more 

 or less barred or mottled with dark olive or black ; dorsal and caudal fins 

 mottled or barred with darker ; lower fins dusky, with a pale, usually 

 orange, band anteriorly, followed by a darker one; belly in the males 

 often more or less red ; sea-run individuals (the Canadian ' ' Salmon Trout") 



