Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America. 579 



of luminous spots. Head conical ; cleft of mouth very wide, oblique, 

 extending behind eye, the lower jaw strongly projecting ; maxillary long 

 and slender, sickle-shaped, closely connected with the short premaxil- 

 lary ; upper jaw with a single series of rather large, sharp, close-set teeth, 

 about every fourth one more or less longer than the rest, and directed 

 slightly outward; lower jaw with similar teeth, subequal, directed for- 

 ward, with a few canines in front ; no teeth on vomer. Eye small. Gill 

 openings very wide, the membranes free from the isthmus. Gill rakers 

 numerous, long, and slender. Pseudobranchiae none; branchiostegals 

 about 9. No air bladder. Dorsal and anal well developed, inserted 

 opposite each other, the anal the longer ; adipose fin small ; caudal 

 forked, its peduncle long and slender. Deep-sea fishes of small size. 

 (yuvia. angle; aro/ua, mouth.) 



a. Anal rays about 30. DENUDATUM, 870. 



aa. Anal rays about 20. BREVIDENS, 871. 



870. GONOSTOMA DENUDATUM, Rafinesque. 



Head 4 ; depth 5*. D. 14 or 15 ; A. 30 or 31 ; P. 11 or 12 ; V. 8 ; scales 

 36. Jaws heterodont, the intermaxillary being armed with 2, the 

 maxillary with about 12 large, distinct teeth, the spaces between them 

 being filled with very small teeth; lower jaw similarly armed with 10 or 

 11 large teeth. Entire cheek covered by the enormously enlarged infra- 

 orbital. (Giinther.) 



This species is common in the Mediterranean and the neighboring parts 

 of the Atlantic, especially off Madeira. In 1881, it was trawled by the 

 Fish Hawk off the New England Coast. It was also obtained by the Alba- 

 tross, at station 2665, in 263 fathoms, and by the French expedition, in 

 590 fathoms, off the coast of Morocco, and off the Cape Verdes, in 230-290 

 fathoms. (Goode & Bean.) (denudatus, made naked.) (Eu.) 

 Gonostoma denudata, RAFINESQUE, Indice Ittiol. Sicil., 65, 1810, Palermo; GOODE & BEAN, Oceanic 



Ichthyology, 38, fig. 116, 1895. 



Gasteropelecus acanlhurus, Cocco, Giorn. Sc. Lit., No. 77, 1829, Italy. 

 Gonostomus acunthurus, Cocco, Lett. 8u. Salmon., 1838. 



871. GONOSTOMA BBEVIDENS, Kner & Steindachner. 



Head 4 ; depth 6. D. 13 or 14 ; A. 18 or 19 ; V. 7. Body elongate, com 

 pressed. Eye equal to snout, and about leng.th of head ; interorbital 

 space about diameter of eye. Mouth opening large, oblique, lower jaw 

 projecting; upper jaw reaching back to the angle of the preoperculum, 

 and convex on its lower edge. Intermaxillary, maxillary, and mandible 

 provided.with a single row of sharp teeth, unequal in size ; tongue tooth- 

 less ; two stronger teeth near the symphysis of the lower jaw ; on the 

 palatines, and possibly upon the pterygoids, a few small, sharp-pointed 

 teeth. Gill opening very wide ; 12 short branchiostegals, a luminous dot 

 at the base of each of the 8 anterior ones; no pseudobrauchiae ; gill 

 laminae large. Probably the lower pharyngeal bones covered with teeth 

 similar to those in the jaws but in several rows. The dorsal has its 

 origin nearly midway between the ventral and the anal, and is composed 

 of 13 or 14 rays; adipose fin thread-like; ventral in front of the 



