Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America. 589 



280. ECHIOSTOMA, Lowe. 



Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1843, 87, (barbatum). 

 HypcrclioristHs, GILL, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas., 1884, 25(i, (tmnfr!). 



Body elongate, compressed, scaleless. Head rather compressed, the 

 snout short and the cleft of the mouth very wide. Teeth pointed, nioro 

 or less unequal, those of the premaxillary and the front of the lower jaw 

 being longest ; maxillary teeth in a single series, those of the lower f 

 being small ; teeth of the hinder part of the mandible in double or triple 

 series; vomer with a pair of fangs ; palatines with a single series of small 

 pointed teeth, two groups of similar teeth on the tongue. Eye of mod- 

 erate size. Opercular portion of the head very narrow and flexible ; a 

 fleshy barbel on the center of the hyoid region. Dorsal fin far back, 

 opposite anal; caudal forked; vent not far in advance of caudal fin; 

 pectorals and ventrals feeble, the latter behind the middle of. the body. 

 Series of luminous spots along the lower side of the head, body, and tail, 

 the largest luminous organ placed behind eye along maxillary, longer than 

 eye; a smaller eye-like one, in suture between opercle and interopercle. 

 Gill openings very wide. Gill rakers minute. No pseudobranchiae nor 

 air bladder. Atlantic, (t^f?, a viper ; GTOJUCI, mouth.) 



a. Anal rays 16 to 18 ; teeth of jaws large, unequal. BARBATUM, 884. 



aa. Anal rays 24; teeth of jaws small, subequal. MARGARITA, 885. 



884. ECHIOSTOMA BARBATUM, Lowe. 



Head 6 ; depth 9. B. 12 ; D. 12 to 15 ; A. 16 to 18 ; P. 3 to 5 ; V. 8. Barbel 

 as long as head, -fringed at its tip. Upper ray of pectoral produced in a 

 long and slender filament reaching nearly to the root of the ventrals ; 

 ventrals narrow, elongate. Color black, with elongate, club-shaped, 

 luminous spot between the maxillary and the eye, rose-colored in life. 

 Length 9 inches. Deep waters off Madeira ; also taken off Gloucester, 

 Massachusetts, and southward in the Gulf Stream to the Old Bahama 

 Channel, (barbatus, bearded.) 



Echiosioma barbatum, LOWE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1843. 88, Madeira ; GUNTHER, Cat., v, 427, 



1864; GOODE & BEAN, Bull. Essex lust., 1879, 23; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 287, 1883; 



GUNTHER, "Deep-Sea Fishes, Challenger, 206, 1887. 

 Hypcrt-JiorMus tanneri, GILL, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1883, 256, Gulf Stream, at Albatross 



Station 2083, at 40 26' 40" N., 60 58' W., in 956 fathoms. (Type, No. 33444. Coll. 



Albatross.) 



885. ECHIOSTOMA MARGARITA, Goode & Bean. 



Head 8; depth 8: eye 8. D. 18; A. 24; V. 7. A stout barbel behind 

 from the tip of the lower jaw, somewhat more than length of 

 head; at the extremity, this barbel is divided into 6 fringes, one of 

 which is whitish ; a whitish band on the barbel near the root of the 

 fringes. About 31 teeth on each side of upper jaw and 36 on each side of 

 mandible ; none of the teeth in the jaws being enlarged ; vomer with a 

 pair of depressible fangs on right side and a single one on the left ; five 

 depressible teeth on each palatine; lingual teeth in about 4 rows. Length 

 of upper jaw length of head. Mandible nearly as long as head. Eye 

 equal to snout and as long as upper jaw. Mandible projecting beyond 



