624 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 



the young; dark bar at base of caudal distinct but often faint; lower 

 jaw pale; fins plain. Length 4 inches. Quebec to Minnesota and south- 

 ward to the Ohio River; abundant northward, throughout the basin of 

 the Great Lakes, in weedy streams and ditches; rare in tributaries of the 

 Ohio and Illinois. " A locality which with the water perfectly clear will 

 appear destitute of fish will perhaps yield a number of mudfish on stir- 

 ring up the mud at the bottom and drawing a seine through it. Ditches 

 in the prairies of Wisconsin, or mere bog holes, apparently affording 

 lodgment to nothing beyond tadpoles, may thus be found filled with Mela- 

 nuras." (Baird.) (limus, mud.) 



Hydrargyra limi, KIRTLAND, Boat. Journ. Nat. Hist., in, 1840, 277, streams in northern 



Ohio. (Coll. Kirtland.) 



Hydrargyra fusca, THOMPSON, Hist. Vermont, 137, 1842, Lake Champlain. 

 Hydrargira atricauda, DE KAY, New York Fauna: Fishes, 220, 1842, Lake Champlain. 

 Umbra limi, GUNTHER, Cat., vi, 232, 1866 ; JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 350, 1883 ; BLATCHLEY, 



Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, 12. 



920. UMBRA PYGM^EA (De Kay). 

 (EASTERN MUD MINNOW.) 



Head 4; depth 4|. D. 13; A. 7; scales 35. Body less compressed 

 than in Umbra limi, the head broader, less depressed, with smaller eye ; 

 interorbital space slightly more convex ; snout shorter, the profile more 

 gibbous. Color dark greenish, with about 12 narrow, longitudinal pale 

 stripes, the one beginning at upper angle of opercle double the width of 

 any of the others ; dark bar at base of caudal very distinct, covering 1| 

 scales ; lower jaw mostly black. Length 4 inches. Lowland streams 

 and swamps coastwise, from Long Island to the Neuse River; locally 

 abundant. Close to the preceding and perhaps a variety of it, but no 

 intermediate forms have been noticed, (pygmceus, pigmy.) 



Leuciscus pygmseus, DsKAY, New York Fauna: Fishes, 214, 1842, Tappan, Rockland Co., N.Y. 

 Fundulus fuscus, AYRES, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., iv, 1843, 296, Brookhaven, Long Island. 

 Melanura annulate, AGASSIZ, Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, 1854, 135; not Exoglossum annulatum, KAFIN- 



ESQTJE. 



Umbra pygmsea, JORDAN, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., x, 53, 1877. 

 Umbra limi pygmsea, BLATCHLEY, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, 13. 



Family XCI. LUCIHXE. 



(THE PIKES.) 



Body elongate, not elevated, more or less compressed posteriorly, 

 broad anteriorly. Head long, the snout prolonged and depressed. Mouth 

 very large, its cleft forming about half the length of the head ; lower 

 jaw the longer; upper jaw not protractile, most of its margin formed by 

 the maxillaries, which are quite long and provided with a supplemental 

 bone; premaxillaries, vomer, and palatines with broad bands of strong 

 cardiform teeth which are more or less movable; lower jaw with strong 

 teeth of different sizes ; tongue with a band of small teeth. Head naked 

 above ; cheeks and opercles more or less scaly ; gill openings very wide ; 

 gill membranes separate, free from the isthmus ; gill rakers tubercle-like, 



