810 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 



lower jaw angulated. Jaws with one or a few series of short, flexible, 

 ciliiform teeth ; no teeth on vomer or palatines. Eye large, with a large 

 adipose eyelid, which is little developed in the young. Stomach muscu- 

 lar, like the gizzard of a fowl. Species very numerous, living on inud and 

 running in great schools along the shores and in brackish lagoons of all 

 warm regions. We here exclude from Mugil the Old World group, Liza 

 (type Mugil capito), similar in habit to Mugil but lacking the adipose eye- 

 lid. (Mugil, the Mullet, from mulgeo, to suck.) 



a. Soft dorsal and anal fins almost naked; anal rays III, 8, rarely III, 7; sides with dark longi- 

 tudinal stripes along the rows of scales; caudal deeply forked; size large. 



b. Scales about 33 in longitudinal series; depth about 4% in length to base of caudal; 



teeth very minute; distance from tip of pectoral to front of dorsal about f the 



length of the pectoral; lips rather thin. BRASILIENSIS, 1182. 



bb. Scales about 41 in a longitudinal series; depth about 4 in length to base of caudal; 



teeth close-set, rather small; distance of tip of pectoral from front of dorsal about 



$ the length of pectoral. CEPHALUS, 1183. 



art. Soft dorsal and anal fins scaled; sides without dark stripes along the rows of scales; caudal 



less deeply forked; size smaller. 



c. Anal rays III, 9; scales 35 to 45 in a longitudinal series. 



of. Scales 42 to 45 in longitudinal series; teeth small. 



e. Head small, 4% in length. INCILIS, 1184. 



ee. Head large, 3% in length. THOBURNI, 1185. 



dd. Scales 35 to 38 in longitudinal series. 



/. Pectoral not nearly reaching origin of dorsal, the distance from its tip to front 



of dorsal being in the adult % length of pectoral; teeth close-set, rather 



small, (but distinctly visible without a lens; scales 38 or 39 in longitudinal 



series; dorsal less falcate. CUREMA, 1186. 



ff. Pectoral nearly reaching origin of dorsal. 



</. Teeth rather wide-set, very small, mostly uniserial, scarcely visible in adult 



without a lens; larger in the young. 



k. Scales 38; bare space between dentary bones very large. HOSPES, 1187. 

 hh. Scales 35 or 36 in longitudinal series; bare space between dentary 

 bones small. GAIMARDIANUS, 1188. 



gg. Teeth large, in many series above; fins deeply falcate; 37 scales in longi- 

 tudinal series. SETOSUS, 1189. 

 cc. Anal rays III, 8; scales very large, about 33 in a longitudinal series; teeth wide-set, 

 larger than in any other species except setosus, about as long as the nostril; upper 

 lip thick; pectoral not nearly reaching front of dorsal; size small. 



TRICHODON, 1190. 



1182. MUGIL BRASILIENSIS, Agassiz. 

 (LIZA ; LEBRANCHO ; QUERIMAN.) 



Head 4 in length (5i including caudal); depth 4f (5). D. IV-I, 8; A. 

 111,8; scales 35-12. Body elongate, more slender than in any other American 

 Mugil. Snout broad and bluntish, the upper profile almost straight and 

 horizontal (in young examples the anterior profile is about equally oblique 

 above and below). Interorbital space greatly convex, its width 2 in 

 head. Upper lip rather thin. Space at the chin between the mandi- 

 bulary bones oblanceolate, acutish posteriorly. Preorbital large, almost 

 covering maxillary. Eyes hidden anteriorly and posteriorly by a broad 

 adipose membrane. Teeth very minute. Scales large, those on top of 

 head larger ; about 21 large scales between origin of dorsal and tip of 



