Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America. 821 



little lateral cleft ; lower lip very thick, its edge forming a soft sharp- 

 edged fold, its outline very obtuse. Teeth coarse, blunt incisors, with 

 serrated edges, arranged in broad patches on jaws and vomer ; two 

 patches of lower jaw not confluent. No adipose eyelid. First dorsal 

 with four spines ; anal with three; scales large. One species, living at 

 the foot of waterfalls in tropical America. (Joturo, the Spanish name of 

 Joturus pichardi at Havana.) 



1198. JOTURUS PICHARDI, Poey. 



(JOTURO ; BOBO.) 



Head 4f ; depth 3| ; eye 6 in head, 3 in interorbital width ; snout 2$- . 

 D. IV-I, 9 ; A. Ill, 9; scales 42 to 45-13 or 14; vertebrae 11+13. Body 

 robust, a little compressed behind. Head heavy, little compressed, gib- 

 bous above and anteriorly. Snout thick, broad, protruding, blunt and 

 tumid at tip, considerably overhanging the small inferior mouth, and 

 entirely below the level of the eye. Maxillary reaching nearly to poste- 

 rior margin of eye, 2 in head, hidden entirely beneath the preorbital. 

 Mouth broad, but without much lateral cleft; lower jaw included. 

 Upper lip thick, slipping beneath the snout. Lower lip very thick, its 

 anterior edge forming a soft sharp-edged fold ; outline of the lip very 

 obtuse. Teeth rather strong, coarse, bluntly conical, forming a large 

 ovate patch on each side of lower jaw, the two patches not confluent; a 

 similar but smaller patch on the vomer ; no teeth on the palatines ; upper 

 jaw with a band of similar but rather smaller teeth. Nostrils roundish, 

 close together, in front of the small round eye, which is nearer angle of 

 mouth than level of top of head. Interorbital space very broad, trans- 

 versely convex. No adipose eyelid. Neither lip with cirri or papillae. 

 Scales of head each with many smaller ones at base ; accessory scales on 

 body largely developed. All the fins, including spinous dorsal, covered 

 with small scales. Gill membranes largely united, free from the isthmus. 

 Dorsal spines compressed and curved, becoming rapidly shorter from the 

 first, which is about two-thirds length of head. Second dorsal and anal 

 with their free margins concave, the anal somewhat falcate, its longest 

 ray l in head. Caudal forked, as long as head. Pectoral as long as 

 head, reaching middle of first dorsal. Color dull olivaceous, without 

 distinct markings; paler below. Length 2 feet. Cuba, Panama, Costa 

 Rica, and Vera Cruz; a robust, vigorous fish, living in mountain tor- 

 rents; common in Rio Almendares near Havana, and known from the 

 mountain streams of Costa Rica, and from streams about Panama. 

 Used as a food-fish in Havana. (Named for Don Esteban Pichardo, 

 " estimable auteur d'un ' Diccionario Provincial de voces Cubanos.'") 



Jolnrus pichardi, POEY, Memorias, n, 263, 1861, Cascades throughout Cuba; JORDAN, Proc. 



U. S. Nat. Mus., 1886, 35. 



Agonosloina </MWrrj/$, Gf NTHKU, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4) xiv, 370, 1874, Myzantla, Vera Cruz. 

 Joturus stipes, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 373, Rio Bayano near Panama. 



(Type, No. 31010. Coll. Captain Dow.) 



