858 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 



Hypeneus, AGASSIZ, Nom. Zool., Index Universalis, 190, 1846, (amended orthography). 

 Pseudupeneits, BLEEKER, Poiss. Cote de Guinee, 56, 1862, (prayensis); (teeth biserial above, uniserial 



below). 

 Parupenem, BLEEKER, Notice sur le Parupeneus bifasciatus, de 1'Ile de la Reunion, 345, 1867, (bifas- 



ciatm); (teeth uniserial, conic, in both jaws). 



Mullhypenens, POEV, Synopsis , 307, 1868, (maculalus); teeth partly biserial above, uniserial below. 

 Erachymullus, BLEEKER, Archiv. Neerl., xi, 333, 1875, (tetraspilus). 



Body oblong, compressed ; mouth moderate, nearly horizontal, low, the 

 jaws subequal; eye large, high, posterior ; opercle short, deep, with a 

 posterior spine ; both jaws with rather strong unequal teeth, in one or 

 two series in each jaw; no teeth on vomer or palatines; lips well devel- 

 oped; the bone which forms a hook over the maxillary less developed 

 than in Mullus j interorbital space concave and narrow; opercle ending 

 in one spine ; barbels nearly as long as head ; scales very large, somewhat 

 ctenoid ; lateral line continuous, its tubes ramifying on each scale ; head 

 covered with large scales ; first dorsal with about 7 spines ; anal with 2, 

 the first very short ; caudal fin forked. Species numerous in the tropical 

 seas. (An old name of some fish ; from VTT^VTJ, upper lip.) 



a. Teeth in both jaws uniserial (or irregularly biserial above) ; all the teeth coarse and distinct. 



b. Eye 4 in head; barbels 1% in head. Scales 31; depth 4 in length; sides with 3 black 



blotches. MACULATUS, 1246. 



aa. Teeth of upper jaw uniserial, of lower biserial; teeth rather strong. 



c. Eye moderate, 3f in head; scales 37; depth 4; a broad red band from eye to caudal. 



DENTATUS, 1247. 



aaa. Teeth of both jaws biserial, at least in front. 



d. Scales moderate, about 40. Teeth all obtusely conic, distinct from each other; teeth on 



upper jaw turned inward; color red, with a bright yellow lateral streak. 

 e. Dorsals and caudal with dark cross bands. PARVTIS, 1248. 



ee. Dorsals and caudal plain yellow. 



/. Eye 3% in head in adult, 1 in snout; head 3% in length. MARTINICUS, 1249. 

 ff. Eye 3f in head in adult, 1% in snout; head 3% in length. 



XANTHOGRAMMUS, 1250. 



dd. Scales large, about 32; outer series of teeth of upper jaw formed by very obtuse teeth 

 which are partly confluent; eye 4 in head; a pearly spot on each scale; each side of 

 body with 2 black blotches; dorsal spotted. GRANDISQUAMIS, 1251. 



1246. UPENEUS MACULATUS (Bloch). 

 (RED GOATFISH; SALMONETE.) 



Head 3; depth 4; eye 4. D. VII or VIII-I, 8; A. II, 6; scales 30 or 

 31, the lateral line high up, following curve of back. Body oblong, mod- 

 erately compressed, tapering backward from occiput; ventral outline 

 nearly straight. Snout long and rather sharp ; mouth terminal, small, 

 maxillary not reaching orbit, 2f in head ; eye situated back ward and high 

 up. Teeth on under jaw uniserial, on upper jaw uniserial or occasionally 

 irregularly biserial, with the outer teeth turned outward ; all the teeth 

 coarse and distinct. Barbels extending to vertical of preopercle and 

 extremity of opercular spine. Color red, the color deepening after death or 

 with the removal of the scales; sides of head with bluish longitudinal 

 lines ; 3 black blotches along lateral line ; each scale with a blue spot at 

 base. In spirits, steel blue above, descending on the sides in 3 blotches 

 1 above point of opercular spine (sometimes extending on opercle), 1 under 



