910 Bulletin 47, United States National Museum. 



Islands and Chili ; not noticed on the coast of Mexico. Abundant in 

 summer in the markets of San Francisco, where it is a food-fish of good, 

 quality. Also widely distributed in the open sea, reaching the Mediter- 

 ranean and New Zealand. It has not been recorded from the east coast of 

 either North or South America, where Trachurus trachurus is the only well- 

 known species, even this being rare. The California species may prove 

 separable from the Atlantic form, in which case it would stand as Trachurua 

 symmetricus, Ayres ; no difference is, however, known to us. Liitken 

 records specimens from the West Indies, Azores, and Chili, (picturatus, 

 pictured.) (Eu.) 



Seriola picturata, BOWDICH, Excursion to Madeira, 123, fig. 27, 1825, Madeira. 



Caranx picturatus, JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 269. 



Trachurus picturatus, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Berich., v, 34, 1868; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., 1882, 358; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1883, 191; JORDAN & GIL- 

 BERT, Synopsis, 911, 1883. 



Caranx trachurus, " deuxieme subdivision," CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., in, 17, 

 1833, Mediterranean; Valparaiso. 



Caranx cuvieri, LOWE, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., n, 1837, 183, Madeira. 



Caranx symmetricus, AYRES, Proc. Cal. Ac. Nat. Sci., i, 1855, 62, San Francisco. 



Trachurus fallax, CAPELLO, Catal. Peix. Portugal, 310-318, 1867, Lisbon. 



Trachurus rissoi, GIGLIOLI, Catalogo degli Anfibi e Pesci Italian!, 27, 1880, Italy; based on Caranx 

 amia, Risso. 



Caranx (Trachurus) cuvieri, STEINDACHNER, Ichtb. Beitr., n, 16, 1875. 



Trachurus cuvieri, LUTKEN, Spolia Atlantica, 126, 1880. 



Trachurus symmetricus, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 261. 



1303. TRACHURUS TRACHURUS (Linnaeus). 

 (SAUREL; GASCON.) 



Head 3| ; depth 4 ; eye large, equal to snout, 4 in head. D. VIII-I, 29 ; 

 A. II-I, 28 ; scales 40 -f- 37. Body more compressed and deeper than in the 

 preceding. Head rather long. Mouth moderate, the maxillary reaching 

 the front of eye. Arch of lateral line short, reaching scarcely beyond pec- 

 toral, 1 in straight part, the plates high, nearly as high anteriorly as 

 posteriorly, their height more than half eye. Greenish, sides silvery ; a 

 dusky opercular spot. Length 1 foot. North Atlantic chiefly on the 

 coasts of Europe, south to Spain and Naples ; it is very rare on our coast, 

 recorded from Newport, K. I., Pensacola, and Cape San Lucas. A third 

 species, Trachurus mediterraneus, not known from America, largely replaces 

 it in southern Europe. (Eu.) 



Scomber trachurus, LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 1758, 298, Mediterranean Sea; after Scomber 

 linea.laterali aculeala of ARTEDI ; D. VIII, 34; probably includes Trachurus tnediterraneus.* 



Trachurus trachurus, BLOCH, Naturgesch. Ichthyologia, n, 138, pi. 36, 1784; good figure and 

 description of the northern species, here called trachurus. 



Caranx trachurus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ix, 11, 1833. 



Trachurus trachurus, STEINDACHNER, Ichth. Berich., v, 32, 1868; JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus., 1882, 269; GUNTHER, Cat. (in part), n, 419, 1860. 



* It is possible that the specific name trachurus, being based entirely on Mediterranean speci- 

 mens, should be transferred to the commonest species of that region, now called Trachurus medi- 

 terraneans. In that case the name Trachurus semispinosu? (Nilsson) is probably to be retained for 

 the form here called Trachurus trachurus, which ranges farther northward than the others. 

 Bloch's description of trachurus belongs to this form, and probably two or three species were con- 

 founded by Artedi and Linnaeus, as by very many later writers. 



