Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America. 1)15 



Teeth uuiserial, very small, none on palate. Lateral Hue with a semicir- 

 cular arch, the length of which is If to 1* in straight part ; its angle 

 below front of second dorsal and with about 50 small low shields, but few 

 of which have depressed spines. Pectoral reaching anal spines. Brownish 

 gray, body with 6 dark-brown vertical bands, the first behind base of 

 pectoral, the fourth from middle of soft dorsal ; a large black spot on 

 opercle ; dorsal, anal, and ventral black ; pectoral and caudal pale. Two 

 specimens, each 3 inches long, from Panama. (Guuther.) (/lev/cof, white ; 

 ovpd, tail.) 



Caran.r leucunig, GuNTHER, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1864, 24, Panama; (Coll. Capt. John M. 

 Dow); GUNTHER, Fish.Cuntr Amer., 430, 18G9; JORDAN <fe GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 1883, 1U4. 



419. CARANX,* Lacepede. 

 (CREVALLES.) 



Caranx (COMMERSON) LACPEDE, Hist. Nat. Poiss., in, 57, 1802, (trachurus, speciosus, carn,/i<x, 



ruber, etc.). 

 Caraiu; RAFINESQUE, Caratteri Alcuni Nuovi Generi, 41, 1810, (first restriction to ferdau, ruber, 



etc.). 



Tricropterus, KAFINESQUE, Caratteri, 41, 1810,f (carangus = hippos). 

 Carangus, GRIFFITH, Cuvier's Nat. Hist. Fishes, 335, 1837, (based on Les Carangues of CUVIKB; 



type Caranx carangus). 



* Argi/rlepes, SWAINSON, Class'n Fishes, u, 247, 1839, (melanoptera). 

 Alepes, SWAINSON. Class'n Fishes, 248, 1839, (Wari parah, RUSSELL = nigripinnis, DAY; species 



with the teeth uniserial on jaws and tongue only; body fusiform; shields numerous; dorsal 



low). 



*The proper type of the genus Caranx seems to be Scomber ruber, Bloch. The name Caranx 

 was apparently recorded in manuscript by Commerson, who applied it to Caranx speciosus. In 

 printed nomenclature ( 'r<rns was first used by Lacepede, who adopted the name from Commerson 

 applying it to a large group containing among other species trachurus, carangus, speciosus, ferdau, 

 and ruber. This genus was next further limited by Rafinesque in the following words: 



" lo hocreduto dovere dividere in quattro generi.jl genere Caranx dei moderni ittiologi che ho 

 nomiuati Trachurus, Caranx, Trieroftfnu, e Uypodis; e questi tre ultimi non offeriscono veruno 

 specie Siciliano; Hipodys (Hypodis) dlfferisce dal Trachurus nell' avere due aleanali, e il Caranx 

 nell' avere un raggio o spine sciolto fra le due ale dorsali ed il Tricropterus nell' averno tre 

 forniti ognuno d'una membrana alare." 



These characters are all partly fallacious and of no systematic importance. All of them are 

 taken from Lacepede's analytical key. We must turn to Lacepede's work to find their signifi- 

 cance. Trachurus evidently corresponds to Lacepede's "premier sous-genre," Scomber trachurus 

 being its type. Ca>anx corresponds to the "second sous-genre," including the species ferdau, 

 ruber, giez,sansun, and korab. Hypmlis (ujroi, below; Si?, two; two free anal spines or finlets) is 

 based on Scomber glaucus, L. Lichia glauca, Cuvier, a European species. Tricropterus is based 

 on Caranx carangua, and is therefore synonymous with the later Carangus of Griffith and Caraitgus 

 of Girard. 



<'aranxis next further restricted by Cuvier & Valenciennes. Among their " Caranx propre- 

 inent dits" are two species, />>v/rm and ruber, placed in Caranx by both Rafinesque and Lacepede. 

 One of these two species should apparently be retained as the type, unless we are to return to the 

 manuscripts of Commerson for our understanding of the group. In Swainson's work, in 1839, 

 ruin .-/-is still retained in connection with the name Caranx. As trachurus, specio*ux, and c<f/-/;/'.s J 

 species heretofore taken by authors as types of Caranx, are none of them available for this pur- 

 pose because all of them were referred to other genera by Rafinesque, we must apparently 

 choose between ruber and ferdnu. We therefore select Caranx ruber as type of the genus. 



Gill in 1862 adopted qwefcMU as the type of Caranj- because this was the only species mentioned 

 by Commerson, from whose manuscripts Lacepede adopted the name Carany. It is not. however, 

 evident that Lacepede regarded this species as his type. If, however, wo should adopt this view, 

 the name Caranx would supersede (Inntliniiodim and the genus here called Caranx would become 

 Tri<-r<>i>teru,. The name Caranx is really derived from Carangue, and several writers have taken 

 Carany caranrfus as its type. This arrangement seems to us not tenable. Its adoption would 

 shift the names of the subgenera, Caranx taking the place of Tricopterus. 



t Hypodis, Rafinesque, 7. c. (based on Scomber glaucus, L.), is equivalent to Lichia, as is also Rafi- 

 nesque's genus Hypacantus, I. c., 43. Lichia is of later date. 



