Jordan and Ere r matin. Fishes of North America. 927 



front of eye ; teeth in jaws biserial in young, uniserial in adult, the 

 teeth subequal, blunt : villiform teeth on vomer, palatines, and tongue in 

 the young, these disappearing entirely with age, traces remaining in spec- 

 imens of 13 inches ; lips thick in the adult. Lateral line little arched, its 

 curved part rather longer than its straight part. Pectoral long, falcate, 

 reaching seventh soft ray of anal, slightly longer than head. Soft dorsal 

 and anal low, scarcely elevated in front, the rays 2 to 3 in head. Caudal 

 lobes long, as long as head. Bluish and silvery; a black opercular spot; 

 no spots on fins. Length 2 feet. (Steindachner.) Tropical parts of the 

 Atlantic, widely distributed; not rare in the Mediterranean; common 

 along the coasts of Africa, Brazil, and the Madeiras. Not certainly known 

 from the West Indies, though doubtless occurring there. It is also abun- 

 dant in the South Pacific, if Caranx platessa and Caranx chilensix are really 

 the same species, as is supposed. We have not studied this species and 

 are not sure of all its synonymy. (Guara Tereba, a Brazilian name used 

 by Marcgrave for some Caranx, apparently Caranx latus.) (Eu.) 



t Scomber adscensionis, OSBECK, Iter China, 1757 and 1771, English edition, Ascension Island; 

 BoftD. 25; A. 25. Gray above; sides silvery. Length 1 foot. May be crumenophthalmu* or 

 ruber; not Scomber ascensionis, FORSTEB, 1801, nor Caranx ascemionis, CUVIBR & VALEN- 

 CIENNES, which is C. lugubris. 



Scomber guara, BONNATERRB, Encycl., 1788, 139, pi. 58; on a specimen from America in Jussieu's 

 collection. 



Scomber dentex, BLOCK & SCHNEIDER, Syst. Ichth., 30, 1801, Brazil. 



'tr.ui..- Jentef, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ix, 87, 1833; GUNTHER, Cat., n, 441, 

 1860, erroneously ascribed to New Orleans; STEINDACHNEB, Ichth. Berichte, v, 36, pi. 1, 1868; 

 JORDAN & GILBERT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1883, 198. 



? Trachunu imperial ie, RAFINESQUE, Caratteri, 42, 1810, Palermo. 



Caranx luna, GEOFFROY ST.-HILAIRE, Descr. Egypte Poiss., pi. 23, about 1820, Egypt. 



Citula bantei, Risso, Eur. Merid., in, 422, 1826, Nice. 



f Caranx platessa, CUVIER. & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ix, 84, 1833, seas of the Indies. 



? Caranx georgianm, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ix, 85, 1833, Australia. 



Caranx solea, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ix, 86, 1833, Brazil. 



Caranx analis, CUVIEII & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ix, 88, 1833. 



t Caratu chilensis, GAY, Hist. Chili, Zub'I., n, 250, 1850, Juan Fernandez. 



420. GNATHANODON,* Bleeker. 



Gnalhonodon, BLEEKER, Verh. Batav. Genootsch., xxiv, Makreele, 1851, (upeciosus; teeth on 



tongue only, none on jaws or palate). 

 ' '/r-oi.c, GILL, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 433, (speciosus; not Caranx, as restricted by 



Bleeker). 

 Hypocaranx, KLI NZINGER, Fische des Bothen Meeree, 92, 1884, (specioau). 



This genus differs from Caranx mainly in the dentition, the teeth being 

 very small, granular, and entirely lost with age. The maxillary is broad, 

 the body compressed, and the fins are without filaments. Tropical seas. 

 (yvd6oc, jaw; d, without; odoi'r, tooth.) 



* Should the name Caranx be regarded as limited to the species (spccioim*) first placed in it in 

 the manuscripts of Commerson, the present genus would be called Caranx, rather than 

 Gnaihanodon. 



