Jordan and Evermann. Fishes of North America. 1005 



1402. LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS, Rafinesque. 



Head 3; depth 2; eye 3f to 4 in head. D. X, 12 ; A. 111,10; scales 

 about 6-42-15, about 7 rows on cheek. Body rather elongate, the head 

 somewhat acute. Pectoral fins pointed, as long as head, reaching beyond 

 ventrals to anal. Gill rakers rather long and slender, strongly toothed, 

 x -f- 11. Longest dorsal spine about half head. Supplemental bone minute. 

 Bright steel blue, with many bronze orange spots, which cover nearly the 

 whole surface, so arranged that the ground color forms a series of vertical 

 chain-like bars, very conspicuous in life; vertical fins mottled with bronze 

 and usually more or less edged with pale orange; sometimes a faint black 

 dorsal spot ; no distinct blue stripes on cheek, but the sides of the head 

 shaded with purplish. Opercular flap small, black, margined with pale. 

 Length 5 inches. Ohio Valley and southwestward to Arkansas and Ken- 

 tucky ; rare; a small, handsome species, (//a^pof, large; #/>, hand.) 



Lepomis macrochira, RAFINESQUE, Journ. de Physique, 420, 1819, Ohio River ; Licking River; 



JORDAN & GILBERT, Synopsis, 475, 1883; BOLLMAN, /. c., 572. 

 Lepomods nephelus, COPE, Journ. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1868, 222, Kiskiminitas River, western 



Pennsylvania. 

 Eupomotis macrochirus, BOULENGER, Cat., I, 30. 



1403. LEPOMIS PALLIDUS (Mitchill). 



(BLUE-GILL ; BLUE BBEAM ; BLUE SUNFISH ; COPPER-NOSED BREAM ; DOLLARDEE.) 

 Head 3 (2| to 3i); depth 2 (If to 2J); eye 3| to 4 in head. D. X, 11 or 



12 ; A. Ill, 10 to 12 ; scales 7-43 to 52- 16, 40 to 50 pores, 5 rows of scales 

 on cheek. Body comparatively short and deep, compressed ; the young 

 slender, the adult nearly orbicular. Caudal peduncle rather slender. 

 Head not large, the projecting snout usually forming an angle above eye. 

 Mouth quite small, oblique, the jaws about equal, the maxillary barely 

 reaching the front of the eye. Opercular flap very short in the young; 

 in the adult rather long and wide, without pale edge. Gill rakers moder- 

 ately long, nearly terete, bent slightly downward, about x -f- 11 to 13. 

 Dorsal spines strong and high, the longest about half head, usually longer 

 than snout and eye ; ventral fins reaching anal ; pectorals very long, usu- 

 ally longer than head, reaching past base of anal spines. Olive green ; 

 adults dark ; young more or less silvery, with a purple luster in life ; sides 

 with undulating, often chain-like, transverse greenish bars, which become 

 obsolete in the adult ; no blue stripes on cheeks ; a diffuse black blotch at 

 base of posterior rays of dorsal and anal, often obscure in young ; no rod 

 on fins ; very old specimens often with the belly coppery red. Length 12 

 inches. Great Lakes to Florida and the Rio Grande ; very abundant ; one 

 of our most widely distributed and variable species ; found in all quiet 

 streams throughout its range, and often brought into the markets; a good 

 pan-fish. (palUdus, pale.) 

 Labnis pallidus, MITCHILL, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc., N. Y., 1815, 407, New York; misprinted 



palladus. 



Lepomis appendix, MITCHILL, Amer. Month. Mag., 1818, 247, New York. 

 Pomotis incisor, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vn, 466, 1831, New Orleans. 

 Pomoiis gibbosus, CUVIER & VALENCIENNES,' Hist. Nat. Poiss., vn, 467, 1831, Charleston. 



